Fowler Clare J, Griffiths Derek, de Groat William C
University College London, Department of Uro-Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Jun;9(6):453-66. doi: 10.1038/nrn2401.
Micturition, or urination, occurs involuntarily in infants and young children until the age of 3 to 5 years, after which it is regulated voluntarily. The neural circuitry that controls this process is complex and highly distributed: it involves pathways at many levels of the brain, the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system and is mediated by multiple neurotransmitters. Diseases or injuries of the nervous system in adults can cause the re-emergence of involuntary or reflex micturition, leading to urinary incontinence. This is a major health problem, especially in those with neurological impairment. Here we review the neural control of micturition and how disruption of this control leads to abnormal storage and release of urine.
排尿在婴幼儿期是不自主进行的，直至3至5岁，此后则受自主控制。控制这一过程的神经回路复杂且分布广泛：它涉及大脑、脊髓和外周神经系统多个层面的通路，并由多种神经递质介导。成人神经系统的疾病或损伤可导致不自主或反射性排尿重新出现，进而引起尿失禁。这是一个重大的健康问题，尤其在神经功能受损的人群中。在此，我们综述排尿的神经控制以及这种控制的破坏如何导致尿液储存和排出异常。
