Sohier J, Moroni L, van Blitterswijk C, de Groot K, Bezemer J M
Laboratory for osteo-articular and dental tissue engineering (LIOAD), Faculté de chirurgie dentaire de Nantes, Inserm U791, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2008 May;5(5):543-66. doi: 10.1517/17425247.5.5.543.
Trauma or degenerative diseases of the joints are common clinical problems resulting in high morbidity. Although various orthopedic treatments have been developed and evaluated, the low repair capacities of articular cartilage renders functional results unsatisfactory in the long term. Over the last decade, a different approach (tissue engineering) has emerged that aims not only to repair impaired cartilage, but also to fully regenerate it, by combining cells, biomaterials mimicking extracellular matrix (scaffolds) and regulatory signals. The latter is of high importance as growth factors have the potency to induce, support or enhance the growth and differentiation of various cell types towards the chondrogenic lineage. Therefore, the controlled release of different growth factors from scaffolds appears to have great potential to orchestrate tissue repair effectively.
This review aims to highlight considerations and limitations of the design, materials and processing methods available to create scaffolds, in relation to the suitability to incorporate and release growth factors in a safe and defined manner. Furthermore, the current state of the art of signalling molecules release from scaffolds and the impact on cartilage regeneration in vitro and in vivo is reported and critically discussed.
The strict aspects of biomaterials, scaffolds and growth factor release from scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering applications are considered.
Engineering defined scaffolds that deliver growth factors in a controlled way is a task seldom attained. If growth factor delivery appears to be beneficial overall, the optimal delivery conditions for cartilage reconstruction should be more thoroughly investigated.
关节创伤或退行性疾病是常见的临床问题，发病率很高。尽管已经开发并评估了各种骨科治疗方法，但关节软骨的低修复能力导致长期功能结果不尽人意。在过去十年中，出现了一种不同的方法（组织工程），其目的不仅是修复受损的软骨，而且通过将细胞、模仿细胞外基质的生物材料（支架）和调节信号相结合来使其完全再生。后者非常重要，因为生长因子具有诱导、支持或增强各种细胞类型向软骨细胞谱系生长和分化的能力。因此，从支架中控制释放不同的生长因子似乎具有有效协调组织修复的巨大潜力。
本综述旨在强调在设计、材料和加工方法方面，与以安全和明确的方式掺入和释放生长因子的适用性相关的考虑因素和局限性。此外，还报告并批判性地讨论了从支架中释放信号分子的当前技术水平以及对体外和体内软骨再生的影响。
考虑了用于软骨组织工程应用的生物材料、支架和从支架中释放生长因子的严格方面。
设计能够以可控方式递送生长因子的特定支架是一项很少能实现的任务。如果生长因子递送总体上似乎有益，则应更深入地研究软骨重建的最佳递送条件。
