DiCarlo Andrea L, Hatchett Richard J, Kaminski Joseph M, Ledney G David, Pellmar Terry C, Okunieff Paul, Ramakrishnan Narayani
Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Radiat Res. 2008 Jun;169(6):712-21. doi: 10.1667/RR1295.1.
Non-clinical human radiation exposure events such as the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings or the Chernobyl accident are often coupled with other forms of injury, such as wounds, burns, blunt trauma, and infection. Radiation combined injury would also be expected after a radiological or nuclear attack. Few animal models of radiation combined injury exist, and mechanisms underlying the high mortality associated with complex radiation injuries are poorly understood. Medical countermeasures are currently available for management of the non-radiation components of radiation combined injury, but it is not known whether treatments for other insults will be effective when the injury is combined with radiation exposure. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms behind the synergistic lethality of radiation combined injury and to identify targets for medical countermeasures. To address these issues, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened a workshop to make recommendations on the development of animal models of radiation combined injury, possible mechanisms of radiation combined injury, and future directions for countermeasure research, including target identification and end points to evaluate treatment efficacy.
非临床人类辐射暴露事件，如广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸或切尔诺贝利事故，通常还伴有其他形式的损伤，如伤口、烧伤、钝器伤和感染。在放射性或核袭击后也可能出现辐射复合伤。目前辐射复合伤的动物模型很少，而且对于与复杂辐射损伤相关的高死亡率背后的机制了解甚少。目前有医疗对策可用于处理辐射复合伤的非辐射部分，但尚不清楚当损伤与辐射暴露同时存在时，针对其他损伤的治疗是否有效。需要进一步研究以阐明辐射复合伤协同致死背后的机制，并确定医疗对策的靶点。为解决这些问题，美国国立过敏与传染病研究所召开了一次研讨会，就辐射复合伤动物模型的开发、辐射复合伤的可能机制以及对策研究的未来方向提出建议，包括靶点识别和评估治疗效果的终点指标。
