Colman Warren
J Anal Psychol. 2008 Jun;53(3):351-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5922.2008.00731.x.
This paper(1) takes the distinction between being conscious ('core consciousness') and knowing that one is conscious (self-reflexive consciousness) as a starting point for differentiating between three different aspects of the self: 1) the overall process of psychosomatic being which we share with all living creatures and which expresses itself through action (self as totality), 2) the conscious awareness of knowing the self that is a peculiarly human phenomenon consequent on the development of symbolic imagination (sense of self including numinous experiences of the self) and 3) having a self (or soul) as an essential attribute of being human that can only be achieved through being endowed with a self in the mind of others (self-identity leading to the self as the centre of the personality). Some clinical implications of these distinctions are considered including the role of interpretation as fostering integration through the provision of alternative self-images, the loss of self-reflexive consciousness in states of overwhelming affect and the attack on the spontaneous psychosomatic being of the self in states of self-hatred and self-division.
本文（1）将处于意识状态（“核心意识”）与知道自己处于意识状态（自我反思意识）之间的区别作为区分自我三个不同方面的出发点：1）我们与所有生物共有的身心存在的整体过程，它通过行动表现出来（作为整体的自我）；2）对自我认知的有意识觉察，这是一种独特的人类现象，是符号想象力发展的结果（自我感，包括自我的神圣体验）；3）拥有自我（或灵魂）作为人类的本质属性，这只能通过在他人心中被赋予自我才能实现（自我认同导致自我成为人格的中心）。文中考虑了这些区别的一些临床意义，包括解释通过提供替代自我形象促进整合的作用、在强烈情感状态下自我反思意识的丧失以及在自我憎恨和自我分裂状态下对自我自发身心存在的攻击。
