Jansen Esther, Mulkens Sandra, Emond Yvette, Jansen Anita
Maastricht University, Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Appetite. 2008 Nov;51(3):570-5. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.04.012. Epub 2008 Apr 22.
Overweight is increasing rapidly in children, compelling researchers to seek for determinants of adverse food intake. In a previous experiment it was found that manipulating the restriction of attractive snacks increased the desirability and intake of these snacks. In the present study, we tested whether this paradoxical restricting effect is also seen in relatively less attractive but healthy food, i.e. fruit. Will fruit become more desirable through restriction, and will children eat more forbidden fruit than non-forbidden fruit? Two groups of young children were forbidden to eat fruits and sweets, respectively, whereas a control group was invited to eat everything. Desire for sweets remained high in the sweets-prohibition condition, whereas it decreased in the fruit-prohibition and no-prohibition conditions. No group differences were found regarding the desire for fruit. With respect to intake, children in both the fruit- and the sweets-prohibition condition consumed more of the formerly forbidden food during a taste session as compared to the no-prohibition condition. In addition, total food intake was higher in the two prohibition conditions than in the no-prohibition condition. These data indicate that the adverse effects of restriction apply to both attractive unhealthy and relatively less attractive but healthy food.
儿童超重现象正在迅速增加，这促使研究人员去寻找不良食物摄入的决定因素。在之前的一项实验中发现，控制对诱人零食的限制会增加这些零食的吸引力和摄入量。在本研究中，我们测试了这种矛盾的限制效应在相对不那么诱人但健康的食物（即水果）中是否也会出现。水果通过限制会变得更有吸引力吗？孩子们会吃更多被禁止的水果而不是未被禁止的水果吗？两组幼儿分别被禁止吃水果和糖果，而一个对照组则被允许随意进食。在糖果禁令条件下，对糖果的渴望仍然很高，而在水果禁令和无禁令条件下，这种渴望则有所下降。在对水果的渴望方面未发现组间差异。在摄入量方面，与无禁令条件相比，水果禁令和糖果禁令条件下的儿童在品尝环节中食用了更多之前被禁止的食物。此外，两种禁令条件下的总食物摄入量都高于无禁令条件。这些数据表明，限制的负面影响既适用于诱人的不健康食物，也适用于相对不那么诱人但健康的食物。
