Prkachin Kenneth M, Solomon Patricia E
Department of Psychology, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, Canada V2N 4Z9 School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Pain. 2008 Oct 15;139(2):267-274. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.04.010. Epub 2008 May 23.
The present study examined psychometric properties of facial expressions of pain. A diverse sample of 129 people suffering from shoulder pain underwent a battery of active and passive range-of-motion tests to their affected and unaffected limbs. The same tests were repeated on a second occasion. Participants rated the maximum pain induced by each test on three self-report scales. Facial actions were measured with the Facial Action Coding System. Several facial actions discriminated painful from non-painful movements; however, brow-lowering, orbit tightening, levator contraction and eye closing appeared to constitute a distinct, unitary action. An index of pain expression based on these actions demonstrated test-retest reliability and concurrent validity with self-reports of pain. The findings support the concept of a core pain expression with desirable psychometric properties. They are also consistent with the suggestion of individual differences in pain expressiveness. Reasons for varying reports of relations between pain expression and self-reports in previous studies are discussed.
本研究考察了疼痛面部表情的心理测量特性。129名患有肩部疼痛的不同受试者对其患侧和未患侧肢体进行了一系列主动和被动活动范围测试。第二次重复相同测试。参与者用三种自我报告量表对每次测试诱发的最大疼痛进行评分。面部动作通过面部动作编码系统进行测量。几种面部动作区分了疼痛动作和非疼痛动作；然而，皱眉、眼眶收紧、提肌收缩和闭眼似乎构成了一种独特的、统一的动作。基于这些动作的疼痛表情指数显示出重测信度以及与疼痛自我报告的同时效度。这些发现支持了具有理想心理测量特性的核心疼痛表情概念。它们也与疼痛表达存在个体差异的观点一致。文中讨论了以往研究中疼痛表达与自我报告之间关系的不同报告的原因。
