Arciero Paul J, Gentile Christopher L, Pressman Roger, Everett Meghan, Ormsbee Michael J, Martin Jeff, Santamore Jason, Gorman Liza, Fehling Patricia C, Vukovich Matthew D, Nindl Bradley C
Department of Exercise Science, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
Metabolism. 2008 Jun;57(6):757-65. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.015.
A high protein intake (approximately 40% of energy intake) combined with aerobic and resistance exercise training is more closely associated with improved body composition and cardiovascular risk profile than a traditional protein intake (approximately 15% of intake) combined with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. However, there is concern that such high-protein diets may adversely affect health. We therefore tested the hypothesis that moderate protein intake (approximately 25% of energy intake) would elicit similar benefits on body composition and metabolic profile as high protein intake. Twenty-four overweight/obese men and women (body mass index [BMI] = 32.2 +/- 3.4, percentage of body fat [%BF] = 37.3 +/- 8.0) were matched for BMI and %BF and randomly assigned to one of 3 groups for a 3-month nutrition/exercise training intervention: (1) high-protein diet (approximately 40% of energy intake) and combined high-intensity resistance and cardiovascular training (HPEx, n = 8, 5 female and 3 male), (2) moderate-protein diet (approximately 25% of energy intake) and combined high-intensity resistance and cardiovascular training (MPEx, n = 8, 5 female and 3 male), or (3) high-protein diet only (HPNx, n = 8, 5 female and 3 male). Total and regional body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), insulin sensitivity (insulin sensitivity index to the oral glucose tolerance test), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and blood lipids were measured at baseline and after the intervention. All groups experienced significant (P < .05) and similar losses of body weight, BMI, and total and abdominal %BF, and similar improvements in insulin sensitivity (HPEx, 6.3 +/- 1.2 vs 9.5 +/- 0.98; MPEx, 6.2 +/- 1.4 vs 8.4 +/- 1.6; HPNx, 3.7 +/- 1.1 vs 7.0 +/- 1.1; insulin sensitivity index to the oral glucose tolerance test; P < .05) and leptin levels. Furthermore, the HPEx group demonstrated decreases in total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides, and increases in IGF-1 and IGFBP-1. The MPEx group experienced decreases in TC, whereas the HPNx group had increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC to high-density lipoprotein, IGF-1, and IGFBP-1. In conclusion, moderate protein intake elicits similar benefits in body composition and insulin sensitivity as a high-protein diet. These findings may have practical implications for individuals interested in diets containing elevated dietary protein.
与传统蛋白质摄入量（约占能量摄入的15%）结合中等强度有氧运动相比，高蛋白质摄入量（约占能量摄入的40%）与有氧运动及抗阻运动训练相结合，与身体成分改善和心血管风险状况的关联更为密切。然而，人们担心这种高蛋白饮食可能会对健康产生不利影响。因此，我们检验了以下假设：中等蛋白质摄入量（约占能量摄入的25%）在身体成分和代谢状况方面能产生与高蛋白质摄入量类似的益处。24名超重/肥胖男性和女性（体重指数[BMI]=32.2±3.4，体脂百分比[%BF]=37.3±8.0）根据BMI和%BF进行匹配，并随机分配到3组之一，进行为期3个月的营养/运动训练干预：（1）高蛋白饮食（约占能量摄入的40%）并结合高强度抗阻和心血管训练（HPEx组，n=8，5名女性和3名男性），（2）中等蛋白质饮食（约占能量摄入的25%）并结合高强度抗阻和心血管训练（MPEx组，n=8，5名女性和3名男性），或（3）仅高蛋白饮食（HPNx组，n=8，5名女性和3名男性）。在基线和干预后测量全身和局部身体成分（双能X线吸收法）、胰岛素敏感性（口服葡萄糖耐量试验的胰岛素敏感性指数）、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）、IGF结合蛋白-1（IGFBP-1）、IGF结合蛋白-3（IGFBP-3）和血脂。所有组体重、BMI、全身和腹部%BF均有显著（P<.05）且相似的下降，胰岛素敏感性（HPEx组，6.3±1.2对9.5±0.98；MPEx组，6.2±1.4对8.4±1.6；HPNx组，3.7±1.1对7.0±1.1；口服葡萄糖耐量试验的胰岛素敏感性指数；P<.05）和瘦素水平有相似的改善。此外，HPEx组总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯下降，IGF-1和IGFBP-1升高。MPEx组TC下降，而HPNx组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、TC与高密度脂蛋白之比、IGF-1和IGFBP-1升高。总之，中等蛋白质摄入量在身体成分和胰岛素敏感性方面产生的益处与高蛋白饮食相似。这些发现可能对那些对高蛋白饮食感兴趣的人具有实际意义。
