Hildebrandt Alain, Guillamón Míriam, Lacorte Sílvia, Tauler Romà, Barceló Damià
Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Water Res. 2008 Jul;42(13):3315-26. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.04.009. Epub 2008 Apr 15.
An environmental monitoring program was carried out to determine the impact of eight pesticides on the surface and groundwater quality of agricultural areas within the Ebro, Duero and Miño river basins. Three triazines and their desethyl degradation products, metolachlor and metalaxyl, were monitored during 18 months in 63 sites. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) using OASIS HLB 60 mg cartridges and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) provided good analytical quality parameters and limits of quantification of 0.01 microg/L. Environmental data were assessed using descriptive statistical analysis and multivariate data analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) to elucidate the relevant contamination patterns and provide a description of their seasonal trends, according to the pesticide application timing. Duero was the site with the highest frequency of detection and highest concentration levels, followed by the Ebro and Miño basins. The frequency of detection of the studied compounds, considering all surface and groundwater samples, was atrazine>desethylatrazine>simazine>desethylsimazine>metolachlor>desethylterbuthylazine>terbuthylazine>metalaxyl. Over all results, and taking into consideration the European Union (EU) maximum residual limit of pesticides in groundwater, only 12% of the results exceeded the 0.1 microg/L limit. However, sporadic high levels up to 2.46 mug/L in groundwater and 0.63 microg/L in surface water were detected. PCA permitted to state that Duero and Ebro river basins were especially affected by a contamination pattern dominated by atrazine, the Ebro river basin being occasionally affected by a contamination pattern dominated by simazine. Only trace levels were rarely detected in the Miño river basin. Groundwater levels were higher than surface water levels for the studied pesticides.
开展了一项环境监测计划，以确定8种农药对埃布罗河、杜罗河和米尼奥河流域农业区地表水和地下水水质的影响。在63个地点对3种三嗪及其去乙基降解产物、异丙甲草胺和甲霜灵进行了为期18个月的监测。使用OASIS HLB 60 mg柱的固相萃取（SPE）和气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-EI-MS）提供了良好的分析质量参数，定量限为0.01 μg/L。根据农药施用时间，采用描述性统计分析和主成分分析（PCA）的多变量数据分析对环境数据进行评估，以阐明相关的污染模式并描述其季节趋势。杜罗河是检测频率最高和浓度水平最高的地点，其次是埃布罗河和米尼奥河流域。考虑所有地表水和地下水样本，所研究化合物的检测频率为莠去津>去乙基莠去津>西玛津>去乙基西玛津>异丙甲草胺>去乙基特丁津>特丁津>甲霜灵。综合所有结果，并考虑到欧盟（EU）规定的地下水中农药的最大残留限量，只有12%的结果超过了0.1 μg/L的限量。然而，在地下水中检测到高达2.46 μg/L的零星高含量，在地表水中检测到高达0.63 μg/L的零星高含量。PCA表明，杜罗河和埃布罗河流域尤其受到以莠去津为主导的污染模式的影响，埃布罗河流域偶尔受到以西玛津为主导的污染模式的影响。在米尼奥河流域很少检测到痕量水平。所研究农药的地下水位高于地表水位。
