Ribeiro T, Barão A, Viegas W, Morais-Cecíli L
Secção de Genética, Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura, Instituto Superior de Agronomia Technical University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2008;120(3-4):220-7. doi: 10.1159/000121070. Epub 2008 May 22.
The economic and ecological importance of forest trees, as well as their unique biological features, has recently raised the level of interest in studies on their genomes, including sequencing of the entire poplar genome. However, cytogenetic studies have not moved in parallel with developments in genomics. This is especially true for hardwood species characterized by small genomes and relatively high numbers of small chromosomes. Molecular cytogenetic studies have mainly been focused on coniferous species, owing to the larger size of their chromosomes, and have been applied exclusively for chromosome identification and comparative karyotyping in an attempt to understand genome evolution and phylogenetic relationships. In this context, rRNA genes physical mapped by FISH reveal particularly useful chromosomal landmarks with variable distribution patterns between species. Here we present a contribution of DNA markers used for chromosome analysis, which already allowed a deeper characterization and understanding of the processes underlying genome diversity of forest trees. The use of advanced cytogenetic techniques and other potential important methods for genome analysis of forest trees is also discussed.
林木的经济和生态重要性，以及它们独特的生物学特性，最近提高了人们对其基因组研究的兴趣，包括对整个杨树基因组进行测序。然而，细胞遗传学研究并未与基因组学的发展同步。对于具有小基因组和相对大量小染色体的阔叶树种来说尤其如此。由于针叶树染色体较大，分子细胞遗传学研究主要集中在针叶树种上，并且仅用于染色体鉴定和比较核型分析，以试图了解基因组进化和系统发育关系。在这种情况下，通过荧光原位杂交（FISH）物理定位的rRNA基因揭示了特别有用的染色体标记，其在物种间具有可变的分布模式。在这里，我们介绍了用于染色体分析的DNA标记的贡献，这些标记已经能够更深入地表征和理解林木基因组多样性的潜在过程。还讨论了先进的细胞遗传学技术和其他潜在的重要林木基因组分析方法的应用。
