Jacobsen N, Orgaard M
Department of Botany, Dendrology and Forest Genetics, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C (Copenhagen), Denmark.
Symp Soc Exp Biol. 1996;50:61-4.
Located at a botanical department at an Agricultural University, our taxonomical and genetic research is mainly directed towards cultivated plants and their wild relatives. The investigations are usually under a common heading 'experimental taxonomy', and include basic systematics, cytogenetics, biodiversity, population dynamics, conservation and evolutionary questions correlating the wild species and the cultivated forms. Our point of initiation is the plants and questions/problems raised regarding these plants. Our way of approaching the problems is usually by applying different sets of data and testing them. Experimental taxonomy covers classical cytogenetics (chromosome counting and karyotyping) as well as molecular cytogenetic methods (RAPD, RFLP, in situ hybridization), and includes also chemical data on isoenzymes and anthocyanins. We have had good collaborations with other laboratories and found their expertise on the plants in question very helpful. The aim is always to unify various data on the same set of problems, in order to get a more complete understanding of the plants. At present the department is working on several, quite different plant genera, comprising herbs, aquatic plants, and trees. The methods vary, depending on the plants and the problems in question. Some of the current investigations concern the horticultural genera Lilium and Crocus, in which the main point of interest is the study of chromosome evolution using fluorescence in situ hybridization; preliminary investigations into the composition of anthocyanins in Crocus look very promising. In the tropical starch tuber crop Pachyrhizus (Fabaceae), molecular analyses of relationships between existing cultivars, landraces and wild material have been carried out. A genus which we, in cooperation with a number of other laboratories, have been working with for many years is Hordeum (Poaceae) with one cultivated species (barley) and 31 wild species. Here the main areas of investigation have been field studies and collecting, followed by a taxonomical treatment, hybridization experiments, cytogenetic analysis and isoenzyme studies. Within the field of forestry, we have used population genetics as a tool in the management of natural and domesticated populations and for conservation of genetic diversity. We have also ventured into the identification and use of DNA markers that are suited for genome mapping in Picea abies (Norway Spruce).
我们的分类学和遗传学研究位于一所农业大学的植物学系，主要针对栽培植物及其野生近缘种。这些研究通常在“实验分类学”这一共同主题下进行，包括基础系统学、细胞遗传学、生物多样性、种群动态、保护以及与野生物种和栽培品种相关的进化问题。我们的出发点是植物以及针对这些植物提出的问题。我们解决问题的方式通常是应用不同的数据集并对其进行测试。实验分类学涵盖经典细胞遗传学（染色体计数和核型分析）以及分子细胞遗传学方法（随机扩增多态性DNA、限制性片段长度多态性、原位杂交），还包括关于同工酶和花青素的化学数据。我们与其他实验室开展了良好的合作，并发现他们在相关植物方面的专业知识非常有帮助。目标始终是整合关于同一组问题的各种数据，以便更全面地了解这些植物。目前该系正在研究几个截然不同的植物属，包括草本植物、水生植物和树木。方法因植物和相关问题而异。当前的一些研究涉及园艺属百合属和番红花属，其中主要关注点是利用荧光原位杂交研究染色体进化；对番红花属花青素组成的初步研究看起来很有前景。在热带淀粉块茎作物豆薯（豆科）中，已对现有栽培品种、地方品种和野生材料之间的关系进行了分子分析。我们与其他一些实验室合作多年研究的一个属是大麦属（禾本科），其中有一个栽培种（大麦）和31个野生种。这里的主要研究领域包括实地研究和采集，随后进行分类学处理、杂交实验、细胞遗传学分析和同工酶研究。在林业领域，我们将种群遗传学作为管理自然和驯化种群以及保护遗传多样性的工具。我们还尝试鉴定和使用适合挪威云杉基因组图谱绘制的DNA标记。
