Goldstein Steven R
New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
Semin Reprod Med. 2008 May;26(3):277-83. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1076146.
The understanding of early pregnancy both normal and abnormal as seen by transvaginal ultrasound is an essential skill of any clinician involved in reproductive medicine and infertility. The "sonomicroscopy" of the vaginal probe results from the high level of magnification and close proximity to the structure being studied. In addition, the ability to detect minute levels of human chorionic gonadotropin, often by over-the-counter home pregnancy tests, has caused patients to present to clinicians earlier then ever before. It is essential that the sonologist or sonographer understand what early pregnancy looks like on transvaginal ultrasound and why it looks like that, so that one can distinguish early pregnancies that are normal from those that are absolutely destined to fail. In addition, understanding the use of ultrasound and human chorionic gonadotropin in the modern diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy as well as a newly emerging category of pregnancies of unknown location is essential to clinical practice. This article will review the fundamental principals outlined above.
对于任何从事生殖医学和不孕症治疗的临床医生来说，通过经阴道超声了解正常和异常的早期妊娠情况是一项必不可少的技能。阴道探头的“超声显微镜检查”源于其高放大倍数以及与被研究结构的近距离。此外，现在常常可以通过非处方家用妊娠试验检测到微量的人绒毛膜促性腺激素，这使得患者比以往任何时候都更早地前来就诊。超声科医生或超声检查技师必须了解经阴道超声下早期妊娠的表现以及其为何如此表现，以便能够区分正常的早期妊娠和注定会失败的早期妊娠。此外，了解超声和人绒毛膜促性腺激素在现代异位妊娠诊断以及新出现的不明位置妊娠诊断中的应用对于临床实践至关重要。本文将对上述基本原理进行综述。
