Castelhano Monica S, Henderson John M
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2008 Jun;34(3):660-75. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.34.3.660.
In 3 experiments the authors used a new contextual bias paradigm to explore how quickly information is extracted from a scene to activate gist, whether color contributes to this activation, and how color contributes, if it does. Participants were shown a brief presentation of a scene followed by the name of a target object. The target object could be consistent or inconsistent with scene gist but was never actually present in the scene. Scene gist activation was operationalized as the degree to which participants respond "yes" to consistent versus inconsistent objects, reflecting a response bias produced by scene gist. Experiment 1 demonstrated that scene gist is activated after a 42-ms exposure and that the strength of the activation increases with longer presentation durations. Experiments 2 and 3 explored the contribution of color to the activation of scene gist. The results revealed that color has an influence across a wide variety of scenes and is directly associated with scene gist.
在3项实验中，作者使用了一种新的情境偏差范式，以探究从场景中提取信息以激活要点的速度有多快，颜色是否有助于这种激活，如果有，颜色是如何起作用的。向参与者展示一个场景的简短呈现，然后是一个目标物体的名称。目标物体可能与场景要点一致或不一致，但实际上从未出现在场景中。场景要点激活通过参与者对一致与不一致物体回答“是”的程度来操作化，反映了由场景要点产生的反应偏差。实验1表明，在42毫秒的曝光后场景要点被激活，并且激活的强度随着呈现时间的延长而增加。实验2和3探究了颜色对场景要点激活的贡献。结果表明，颜色在各种各样的场景中都有影响，并且与场景要点直接相关。
