Pillen Sigrid, Arts Ilse M P, Zwarts Machiel J
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Muscle Nerve. 2008 Jun;37(6):679-93. doi: 10.1002/mus.21015.
Muscle ultrasound is a useful tool in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders, as these disorders result in muscle atrophy and intramuscular fibrosis and fatty infiltration, which can be visualized with ultrasound. Several prospective studies have reported high sensitivities and specificities in the detection of neuromuscular disorders. Although not investigated in large series of patients, different neuromuscular disorders tend to show specific changes on muscle ultrasound, which can be helpful in differential diagnosis. For example, Duchenne muscular dystrophy results in a severe, homogeneous increase of muscle echo intensity with normal muscle thickness, whereas spinal muscular atrophy shows an inhomogeneous increase of echo intensity with severe atrophy. A major advantage of muscle ultrasound, compared to other imaging techniques, is its ability to visualize muscle movements, such as muscle contractions and fasciculations. This study reviews the possibilities and limitations of ultrasound in muscle imaging and its value as a diagnostic tool in neuromuscular disorders.
肌肉超声是诊断神经肌肉疾病的一种有用工具，因为这些疾病会导致肌肉萎缩、肌内纤维化和脂肪浸润，而这些情况可通过超声观察到。几项前瞻性研究报告了其在检测神经肌肉疾病方面具有较高的敏感性和特异性。尽管尚未在大量患者中进行研究，但不同的神经肌肉疾病在肌肉超声上往往呈现出特定的变化，这有助于鉴别诊断。例如，杜兴氏肌营养不良症会导致肌肉回声强度严重且均匀增加，而肌肉厚度正常；而脊髓性肌萎缩症则表现为回声强度不均匀增加且伴有严重萎缩。与其他成像技术相比，肌肉超声的一个主要优势在于其能够观察肌肉运动，如肌肉收缩和肌束震颤。本研究综述了超声在肌肉成像中的可能性和局限性及其作为神经肌肉疾病诊断工具的价值。
