Aquino-García S I, Rivas M A, Ceballos-Salobreña A, Acosta-Gio A E, Gaitán-Cepeda L A
Laboratorio de Patología Clínica y Experimental, División de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2008 Jun;24(6):815-20. doi: 10.1089/aid.2007.0159.
Oral lesions (OL) have an important prognostic value for HIV/AIDS patients. However, the behavior of OL in HIV/AIDS patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy including efavirenz (HAART/EFV) has not been documented. Our objective was to establish the prevalence of OL in HIV/AIDS patients undergoing HAART/EFV and to compare it with the prevalence of OL in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy including a protease inhibitor (HAART/PI). Seventy-three HIV/AIDS patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment for at least for 6 months at "La Raza" Medical Center's Internal Medicine Unit (IMSS, Mexico City) were included. To detect OL, a detailed examination of oral soft tissues was performed in each patient. Patient records recorded gender, seropositivity time, route of contagion, antiretroviral therapy type and duration, CD4 lymphocyte count/ml, and viral load. Two groups were formed: 38 patients receiving HAART/EFV [two nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NARTI) plus efavirenz] and 35 patients receiving HAART/PI (two NARTIs plus one PI). OL prevalence was established in each study group. The Chi-square test was applied (p < 0.05(IC95%)). OL prevalence in the HAART/EFV group (32%) was lower (p < 0.007) than in the HAART/PI group (63%). Candidosis was the most prevalent OL in both groups. Herpes labialis, HIV-associated necrotizing periodontitis, xerostomia, hairy leukoplakia, and nonspecific oral sores were identified. The highest prevalence for all OL was found in the HAART/PI group. These findings suggest that HIV/AIDS patients undergoing HAART/EFV show a lower prevalence of oral lesions than patients undergoing HAART/PI.
口腔病变（OL）对艾滋病患者具有重要的预后价值。然而，接受包括依非韦伦在内的高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART/EFV）的艾滋病患者中OL的表现尚无文献记载。我们的目的是确定接受HAART/EFV治疗的艾滋病患者中OL的患病率，并将其与接受包括蛋白酶抑制剂在内的抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART/PI）的患者中OL的患病率进行比较。纳入了73例在墨西哥城“拉腊萨”医疗中心内科（IMSS）接受抗逆转录病毒治疗至少6个月的艾滋病患者。为了检测OL，对每位患者的口腔软组织进行了详细检查。患者记录包括性别、血清阳性时间、传染途径、抗逆转录病毒治疗类型和持续时间、每毫升CD4淋巴细胞计数以及病毒载量。分为两组：38例接受HAART/EFV治疗的患者[两种核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（NARTI）加依非韦伦]和35例接受HAART/PI治疗的患者[两种NARTI加一种PI]。确定了每个研究组中OL的患病率。应用卡方检验（p<0.05（95%置信区间））。HAART/EFV组的OL患病率（32%）低于HAART/PI组（63%）（p<0.007）。念珠菌病是两组中最常见的OL。还发现了唇疱疹（唇疱疹）、HIV相关性坏死性牙周炎、口干症、毛状白斑和非特异性口腔溃疡。所有OL的最高患病率出现在HAART/PI组。这些发现表明，接受HAART/EFV治疗的艾滋病患者口腔病变的患病率低于接受HAART/PI治疗的患者。
