MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 May 30;57(21):577-80.
In the United States, West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in humans in 1999; it subsequently spread to countries of Central and South America and the Caribbean. WNV is a mosquito-borne virus that produces potentially serious clinical disease, particularly among persons aged > or =50 years. Transmission by routes other than mosquito bites, including blood transfusion, transplacental infection, organ transplant, and possibly breast milk, also have been reported. On July 19, 2007, the American Red Cross in Puerto Rico notified the Puerto Rico Department of Health (PRDH) of three persons whose blood donations were positive for WNV by nucleic acid-amplification test (NAT) screening. These three donors had the first confirmed human WNV infections detected in Puerto Rico. In response, PRDH and CDC conducted in-depth interviews of the blood donors. This report describes these human infections and other recent surveillance for transmission of WNV in Puerto Rico. Detection of WNV infections in human blood donors indicates that heightened clinician awareness, ongoing surveillance, and educational activities are needed to monitor and assess the public health threat posed by WNV in Puerto Rico.
1999年，西尼罗河病毒（WNV）首次在美国人体内被检测到；随后它传播到中美洲、南美洲和加勒比地区的国家。WNV是一种由蚊子传播的病毒，可引发潜在的严重临床疾病，尤其是在年龄≥50岁的人群中。据报道，该病毒还可通过蚊虫叮咬以外的途径传播，包括输血、经胎盘感染、器官移植，以及可能通过母乳传播。2007年7月19日，波多黎各的美国红十字会通知波多黎各卫生部（PRDH），有三人的血液捐赠经核酸扩增检测（NAT）筛查呈西尼罗河病毒阳性。这三名献血者是波多黎各首次确诊的人类西尼罗河病毒感染者。作为回应，PRDH和美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）对这些献血者进行了深入访谈。本报告描述了这些人类感染病例以及波多黎各近期对西尼罗河病毒传播情况的其他监测。在人类献血者中检测到西尼罗河病毒感染表明，需要提高临床医生的意识、持续进行监测并开展教育活动，以监测和评估西尼罗河病毒给波多黎各带来的公共卫生威胁。
