MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004 Apr 9;53(13):281-4.
In 2002, transfusion-associated transmission (TAT) of West Nile virus (WNV) infection acquired through blood transfusion marked the emergence of a new threat to the U.S. blood supply. Although mosquito-borne transmission remains the predominant mode of WNV transmission, identification of TAT underscored the need for WNV screening of donated blood. In June 2003, blood-collection agencies (BCAs) implemented investigational WNV nucleic acid-amplification tests (NATs) to screen all blood donations and identify potentially infectious donations for quarantine and retrieval. This screening was performed on approximately 6 million units during June-December 2003, resulting in the removal of at least 818 viremic blood donations from the blood supply. This report summarizes the results of blood-donation screening tests conducted during 2003 and describes six cases of WNV TAT that occurred because of transfusion of components containing low levels of virus not detected by the testing algorithm. These data indicate that blood screening for WNV has improved blood safety. However, a small risk of WNV transfusion-associated transmission remains. To address this risk, changes to screening strategies are planned for 2004.
2002年，通过输血感染西尼罗河病毒（WNV）的输血相关传播（TAT）标志着美国血液供应面临一种新威胁的出现。尽管蚊媒传播仍然是WNV传播的主要方式，但TAT的发现凸显了对献血进行WNV筛查的必要性。2003年6月，采血机构（BCA）实施了试验性的WNV核酸扩增检测（NAT），以筛查所有献血，并识别潜在感染性献血以便进行隔离和回收。2003年6月至12月期间，对约600万个单位的血液进行了此项筛查，结果从血液供应中至少清除了818份病毒血症献血。本报告总结了2003年进行的献血筛查检测结果，并描述了6例因输注检测算法未检测到的低水平病毒成分而发生的WNV TAT病例。这些数据表明，对WNV进行血液筛查提高了血液安全性。然而，WNV输血相关传播仍存在小风险。为应对这一风险，计划在2004年对筛查策略进行调整。
