Chynoweth Sarah K
Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, New York NY, USA.
Reprod Health Matters. 2008 May;16(31):93-102. doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(08)31348-2.
Disregarding reproductive health in situations of conflict or natural disaster has serious consequences, particularly for women and girls affected by the emergency. In an effort to protect the health and save the lives of women and girls in crises, international standards for five priority reproductive health activities that must be implemented at the onset of an emergency have been established for humanitarian actors: humanitarian coordination, prevention of and response to sexual violence, minimisation of HIV transmission, reduction of maternal and neonatal death and disability, and planning for comprehensive reproductive health services. The extent of implementation of these essential activities is explored in this paper in the context of refugees in Jordan fleeing the war in Iraq. Significant gaps in each area exist, particularly coordination and prevention of sexual violence and care for survivors. Recommendations for those responding to this crisis include designating a focal point to coordinate implementation of priority reproductive health services, preventing sexual exploitation and providing clinical care for survivors of sexual violence, providing emergency obstetric care for all refugees, including a 24-hour referral system, ensuring adherence to standards to prevent HIV transmission, making condoms free and available, and planning for comprehensive reproductive health services.
在冲突或自然灾害情况下忽视生殖健康会产生严重后果，尤其是对受紧急情况影响的妇女和女童。为保护处于危机中的妇女和女童的健康并挽救其生命，已为人道主义行为体制定了五项优先生殖健康活动的国际标准，这些活动必须在紧急情况发生时立即实施：人道主义协调、预防性暴力和应对性暴力、尽量减少艾滋病毒传播、降低孕产妇和新生儿死亡及残疾率，以及规划全面的生殖健康服务。本文在约旦境内逃离伊拉克战争的难民背景下探讨了这些基本活动的实施程度。每个领域都存在重大差距，特别是在协调、预防性暴力以及为幸存者提供护理方面。针对应对这场危机的建议包括指定一个协调中心来统筹优先生殖健康服务的实施、预防性剥削并为性暴力幸存者提供临床护理、为所有难民提供紧急产科护理，包括建立24小时转诊系统、确保遵守预防艾滋病毒传播的标准、免费提供并确保避孕套可得，以及规划全面的生殖健康服务。
