Bierman Joseph S
Baltimore-Washington Institute for Psychoanalysis, USA.
Psychoanal Study Child. 2007;62:92-110. doi: 10.1080/00797308.2007.11800785.
This paper studies the psychoanalytic process in the treatment of Little Hans, using Samuel Abrams's 1988 paper in which he defines the psychoanalytic process as the sequence of steps which appears within the mind of the patient as the treatment proceeds. As with the adult, the child can affectively recall or reenact the past in the transference, but the child also tries to promote whatever developmental phase is being clocked in. In January 1908 Max Graf, Hans's father and a member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society who was a musicologist, wrote Freud that his son had developed a fear that a horse would bite him in the street. Freud first suggested that the father give his son some enlightenment in the matter of sexual knowledge, such as his mother and other females have no "widdlers." The enlightenments only increased Hans's anxiety, prompting Freud to meet with Hans and his father and interpret the fear of the horse as fear of the father. While Max Graf was able to help Hans understand some dreams and fantasies, he exhibited a punitive attitude toward Hans's masturbation, which was reinforced by Freud's attitude that it was harmful. The father did not promote his son's development when he withheld knowledge of how babies are born, neither did Freud when he withheld any contrary suggestions from the father.
本文运用塞缪尔·艾布拉姆斯1988年的论文来研究治疗小汉斯的精神分析过程，在该论文中，他将精神分析过程定义为随着治疗推进在患者脑海中出现的一系列步骤。与成年人一样，儿童能够在移情中情感性地回忆或重演过去，但儿童也试图推动正在经历的任何发展阶段。1908年1月，马克斯·格拉夫，即汉斯的父亲，也是维也纳精神分析学会的成员，一位音乐学家，写信给弗洛伊德说他儿子产生了一种恐惧，担心在街上会被马咬。弗洛伊德首先建议父亲在性知识方面给儿子一些启蒙，比如告诉他母亲和其他女性没有“小鸡鸡”。这些启蒙只是增加了汉斯的焦虑，促使弗洛伊德与汉斯及其父亲会面，并将对马的恐惧解释为对父亲的恐惧。虽然马克斯·格拉夫能够帮助汉斯理解一些梦和幻想，但他对汉斯的自慰表现出惩罚性态度，而弗洛伊德认为自慰有害的态度又强化了这种态度。当父亲隐瞒婴儿如何出生的知识时，他没有促进儿子的发展，当弗洛伊德向父亲隐瞒任何相反的建议时，他也没有做到。
