Daviskas E, Gonda I, Anderson S D
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Respir Physiol. 1991 Apr;84(1):115-32. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(91)90023-c.
A previously developed time-dependent mathematical model of the heat and water vapour transport in the human respiratory tract for mouth breathing (Daviskas et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 69:362-372, 1990) was applied to calculate the local quantities of heat and water transfer. The results of the heat and water losses agreed with experimental data. The contribution of each airway to the conditioning of inspired air was found to depend on the inspired air conditions and the pattern of breathing as expected. The greater proportion of the total heat and water loss was calculated to occur within the upper airways. However, below the pharynx, the rate of water loss during hyperpnea was calculated at a much faster rate than in the resting state. The rate at which water is returned to the airways may not be adequate to keep the periciliary fluid isotonic. These findings support the proposal that the intrathoracic airways could become significantly dehydrated during hyperpnea. The use of calculated local heat and water transfer rates may help to predict the site of stimuli to exercise-induced asthma.
一个先前开发的用于口呼吸时人体呼吸道内热和水蒸气传输的时间依赖性数学模型（Daviskas等人，《应用生理学杂志》69:362 - 372，1990年）被用于计算局部热和水的传输量。热和水损失的结果与实验数据相符。正如预期的那样，发现每个气道对吸入空气调节的贡献取决于吸入空气条件和呼吸模式。计算得出，总热和水损失的较大比例发生在上呼吸道内。然而，在咽部以下，深呼吸时的失水速率计算得出比静息状态下快得多。水返回气道的速率可能不足以维持纤毛周围液体的等渗状态。这些发现支持了这样的提议，即胸腔内气道在深呼吸时可能会显著脱水。使用计算得出的局部热和水传输速率可能有助于预测运动诱发哮喘的刺激部位。
