Witten Karen, Hiscock Rosemary, Pearce Jamie, Blakely Tony
Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Massey University, PO Box 6137 Wellesley St, Auckland, New Zealand.
Prev Med. 2008 Sep;47(3):299-303. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.04.010. Epub 2008 Apr 29.
Increasing population levels of physical activity is high on the health agenda in many countries. There is some evidence that neighbourhood access to public open space can increase physical activity by providing easier and more direct access to opportunities for exercise. This national study examines the relationship between travel time access to parks and beaches, BMI and physical activity in New Zealand neighbourhoods.
Access to parks and beaches, measured in minutes taken by a car, was calculated for 38,350 neighbourhoods nationally using Geographic Information Systems. Multilevel regression analyses were used to establish the significance of access to these recreational amenities as a predictor of BMI, and levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the 12,529 participants, living in 1178 neighbourhoods, of the New Zealand Health Survey 2002/3.
Neighbourhood access to parks was not associated with BMI, sedentary behaviour or physical activity, after controlling for individual-level socio-economic variables, and neighbourhood-level deprivation and urban/rural status. There was some evidence of a relationship between beach access and BMI and physical activity in the expected direction.
This study found little evidence of an association between locational access to open spaces and physical activity.
提高民众的身体活动水平在许多国家的健康议程中占据重要位置。有证据表明，社区能够便捷地使用公共开放空间，通过提供更便捷、更直接的锻炼机会，可增加身体活动。这项全国性研究探讨了新西兰社区前往公园和海滩的出行时间与身体质量指数（BMI）及身体活动之间的关系。
利用地理信息系统计算了全国38350个社区开车前往公园和海滩所需的时间。运用多水平回归分析来确定使用这些休闲设施的便利性作为2002/3年新西兰健康调查中1178个社区的12529名参与者BMI、身体活动水平和久坐行为预测指标的显著性。
在控制了个体层面的社会经济变量、社区层面的贫困程度以及城乡状况后，社区到公园的可达性与BMI、久坐行为或身体活动并无关联。有一些证据表明，前往海滩的便利性与BMI及身体活动之间存在预期方向的关系。
本研究几乎没有发现开放空间的可达性与身体活动之间存在关联的证据。
