Veitch Jenny, Rodwell Laura, Abbott Gavin, Carver Alison, Flowers Elliott, Crawford David
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Department for Health Evidence, Section Biostatistics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Feb 6;21(1):306. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10339-1.
There is substantial scope for enhancing population health through increased park visits and active use of parks; however, a better understanding of factors that influence park visitation is needed. This cross-sectional study examined how parent-reported satisfaction and perceived availability of parks were associated with adults' physical activity and children's physical activity and time spent outdoors, and whether these associations were mediated by park visitation.
Self-reported surveys were completed by adults living within 5 km of two parks located in Melbourne, Australia. Participants reported their satisfaction with neighbourhood park quality, walking duration from home to the nearest park, and park visitation in the past 7 days. Participants with a child aged 2-15 years also answered similar questions in relation to their child. The primary outcome variable for adults was leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and for children was proxy-reported time spent outside. The secondary outcome for adults was combined transportation and LTPA and for children (5-15 years) was the number of days physical activity recommendations were met in the past 7 days.
Significant positive associations between park availability and park visitation in the past 7 days, and between park visitation and the outcome variables were observed among both adults (n = 1085, M = 48.9, SD 13.4) and children (n = 753, M = 8.8, SD = 3.7). The association between park satisfaction and park visitation was only significant among adults. Park visitation mediated associations between park availability and park satisfaction and the outcome variables among both adults and children.
Improving park availability and users' satisfaction with parks may increase visitation and consequently increase physical activity and time spent outdoors.
通过增加公园游览次数和积极使用公园，在改善人群健康方面存在很大空间；然而，需要更好地了解影响公园游览的因素。这项横断面研究调查了家长报告的公园满意度和可及性如何与成年人的身体活动、儿童的身体活动及户外活动时间相关，以及这些关联是否通过公园游览起中介作用。
居住在澳大利亚墨尔本两个公园5公里范围内的成年人完成了自我报告调查。参与者报告了他们对社区公园质量的满意度、从家到最近公园的步行时长以及过去7天的公园游览情况。有2至15岁孩子的参与者也回答了与他们孩子相关的类似问题。成年人的主要结局变量是休闲时间身体活动（LTPA），儿童的主要结局变量是代理报告的户外活动时间。成年人的次要结局是综合交通和LTPA，儿童（5至15岁）的次要结局是过去7天达到身体活动建议的天数。
在成年人（n = 1085，M = 48.9，标准差13.4）和儿童（n = 753，M = 8.8，标准差 = 3.7）中均观察到过去7天公园可及性与公园游览之间、公园游览与结局变量之间存在显著正相关。公园满意度与公园游览之间的关联仅在成年人中显著。公园游览在公园可及性、公园满意度与成年人和儿童的结局变量之间起中介作用。
提高公园可及性和用户对公园的满意度可能会增加游览次数，从而增加身体活动和户外活动时间。
