Wei Dongbin, Lin Zhifen, Kameya Takashi, Urano Kohei, Du Yuguo
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China.
Chemosphere. 2008 Jul;72(9):1303-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.04.062. Epub 2008 Jun 4.
In order to integratedly evaluate the biological safety as a water quality index, an assessment method based on three toxicity tests (algae growth inhibition, daphnia immobilization and larval fish toxicity) was developed. In this study, the developed method was used to screen, evaluate and rank the biological safety of small rivers near agricultural, industrial and residential areas. Twenty-seven representative water samples were collected from the Kaname River watershed and the Hinata River watershed in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The results indicated that (1) the biological safety of water from the Hinata River ranked much higher than those from the Suzu River and the Shibuta River due to less human activities, (2) the biological safety from outlets of paddy fields ranked much worse than those from point source discharges of toxic pollutants, (3) the use of pesticides significantly affected the water quality of nearby small rivers and ditches during the pesticide application season, (4) the effects of different kinds of pesticides could successfully be classified using one toxicity test component of the bioassay battery, and (5) there was no significant quantitative relationship between the toxicity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for the studied water samples. The toxicities of water samples in this study were in agreement with the concentrations of pesticides determined with chemical methods by other researchers, which demonstrated that the developed assessment method was reliable to screen site contaminated with organic chemicals for priority management.
为了综合评估作为水质指标的生物安全性，开发了一种基于三项毒性试验（藻类生长抑制、水蚤固定和幼鱼毒性）的评估方法。在本研究中，所开发的方法用于筛选、评估和排序农业、工业和居民区附近小河的生物安全性。从日本神奈川县的名取川流域和日向川流域采集了27个代表性水样。结果表明：（1）由于人类活动较少，日向川水体的生物安全性远高于铃鹿川和椎田川；（2）稻田排水口的生物安全性远低于有毒污染物点源排放口；（3）在农药施用季节，农药的使用显著影响附近小河和沟渠的水质；（4）使用生物测定组中的一项毒性试验组件能够成功区分不同种类农药的影响；（5）对于所研究的水样，毒性与溶解有机碳（DOC）之间不存在显著的定量关系。本研究中水样的毒性与其他研究人员用化学方法测定的农药浓度一致，这表明所开发的评估方法对于筛选受有机化学品污染的场地进行优先管理是可靠的。
