Winters Stephen J, Levi Susannah V, Pisoni David B
Speech Research Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 Jun;123(6):4524-38. doi: 10.1121/1.2913046.
This study investigated the extent to which language familiarity affects the perception of the indexical properties of speech by testing listeners' identification and discrimination of bilingual talkers across two different languages. In one experiment, listeners were trained to identify bilingual talkers speaking in only one language and were then tested on their ability to identify the same talkers speaking in another language. In the second experiment, listeners discriminated between bilingual talkers across languages in an AX discrimination paradigm. The results of these experiments indicate that there is sufficient language-independent indexical information in speech for listeners to generalize knowledge of talkers' voices across languages and to successfully discriminate between bilingual talkers regardless of the language they are speaking. However, the results of these studies also revealed that listeners do not solely rely on language-independent information when performing these tasks. Listeners use language-dependent indexical cues to identify talkers who are speaking a familiar language. Moreover, the tendency to perceive two talkers as the "same" or "different" depends on whether the talkers are speaking in the same language. The combined results of these experiments thus suggest that indexical processing relies on both language-dependent and language-independent information in the speech signal.
本研究通过测试听众对两种不同语言的双语说话者的识别和辨别能力，调查了语言熟悉程度对语音索引属性感知的影响程度。在一个实验中，训练听众识别仅用一种语言说话的双语说话者，然后测试他们识别用另一种语言说话的同一说话者的能力。在第二个实验中，听众在AX辨别范式中辨别不同语言的双语说话者。这些实验结果表明，语音中存在足够的与语言无关的索引信息，使听众能够跨语言推广说话者声音的知识，并成功辨别双语说话者，无论他们说的是哪种语言。然而，这些研究结果还表明，听众在执行这些任务时并非仅依赖与语言无关的信息。听众使用与语言相关的索引线索来识别说熟悉语言的说话者。此外，将两个说话者视为“相同”或“不同”的倾向取决于说话者是否说同一种语言。因此，这些实验的综合结果表明索引处理依赖于语音信号中与语言相关和与语言无关的信息。
