Alipour Fariborz, Jaiswal Sanyukta
Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 Jun;123(6):4572-81. doi: 10.1121/1.2908289.
The purpose of this study was to examine the phonatory characteristics of pig, sheep, and cow excised larynges and to find out which of these animal species is the best model for human phonation. Excised pig, sheep, and cow larynges were prepared and mounted over a tapered tube on the excised bench that supplied pressurized, heated, and humidified air in a manner similar to that for excised canine models. Each excised larynx was subjected to a series of pressure-flow experiments with adduction as major control parameter. The subglottal pressure, electroglottograph (EGG), mean flow rate, audio signal, and sound pressure level were recorded during each experiment. EGG signal was used to extract the fundamental frequency. It was found that pressure-frequency relations were nonlinear for these species with large rate of frequency changes for the pig. The average oscillation frequencies for these species were 220+/-57 Hz for the pig, 102+/-33 Hz for the sheep, and 73+/-10 Hz for the cow. The average phonation threshold pressure for the pig was 7.4+/-2.0 cm H(2)O, 6.9+/-2.9 cm H(2)O for the sheep, and 4.4+/-2.3 cm H(2)O for the cow.
本研究的目的是检查猪、羊和牛离体喉部的发声特征，并找出哪种动物物种是人类发声的最佳模型。制备了猪、羊和牛的离体喉部，并将其安装在离体实验台上的锥形管上，该实验台以类似于离体犬模型的方式提供加压、加热和加湿的空气。每个离体喉部都进行了一系列以内收为主要控制参数的压力-流量实验。在每个实验过程中记录声门下压力、电子声门图（EGG）、平均流速、音频信号和声压级。EGG信号用于提取基频。结果发现，这些物种的压力-频率关系是非线性的，猪的频率变化率很大。这些物种的平均振荡频率分别为：猪220±57Hz，羊102±33Hz，牛73±10Hz。猪的平均发声阈压力为7.4±2.0cmH₂O，羊为6.9±2.9cmH₂O，牛为4.4±2.3cmH₂O。
