Schriger D L, Larmon B, LeGassick T, Blinman T
UCLA Emergency Medicine Center 90024.
Ann Emerg Med. 1991 Aug;20(8):878-81. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81430-1.
To determine the amount of occipital padding required to achieve neutral position of the cervical spine when a patient is immobilized on a flat backboard. Neutral position was defined as the normal anatomic position of the head and torso that one assumes when standing looking straight ahead.
Descriptive with hypothesis testing of selected descriptive elements.
University campus and hospital.
One hundred healthy young adults with no history of back disease.
Volunteers were measured in standing and supine positions.
Occipital offset; height; weight; and head, neck, and chest circumferences were measured for each subject.
The amount of occipital offset required to achieve neutral position varied from 0 to 3.75 in. (mean, 1.5 in.). Mean occipital offset for men (1.67 in.) was significantly greater than that for women (1.31 in.) Easily obtained body measurements did not accurately predict occipital offset.
Immobilization on a flat backboard would place 98% of our study subjects in relative cervical extension. Occipital padding would place a greater percentage of patients in neutral position and increase patient comfort during transport.
确定当患者仰卧固定在背板上时，使颈椎达到中立位所需的枕部衬垫厚度。中立位定义为站立直视前方时头部和躯干的正常解剖位置。
对选定描述性元素进行假设检验的描述性研究。
大学校园和医院。
100名无背部疾病史的健康年轻成年人。
对志愿者进行站立位和仰卧位测量。
测量每个研究对象的枕部偏移、身高、体重以及头围、颈围和胸围。
达到中立位所需的枕部偏移量在0至3.75英寸之间（平均为1.5英寸）。男性的平均枕部偏移（1.67英寸）显著大于女性（1.31英寸）。易于获得的身体测量指标不能准确预测枕部偏移。
仰卧固定在背板上会使98%的研究对象处于颈椎相对伸展状态。枕部衬垫会使更多患者处于中立位，并在转运过程中提高患者舒适度。
