Sessa Alessandra, Abbate Rossella, Di Giuseppe Gabriella, Marinelli Paolo, Angelillo Italo F
Department of Public, Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
BMC Cancer. 2008 Jun 11;8:171. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-171.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer for both sexes in developed countries. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices regarding CRC of adults in Italy.
A random sample of 1165 adults received a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics; knowledge regarding definition, risk factors, and screening; attitudes regarding perceived risk of contracting CRC and utility of screening tests; health-related behaviors and health care use; source of information.
Only 18.5% knew the two main modifiable risk factors (low physical activity, high caloric intake from fat) and this knowledge was significantly associated with higher educational level, performing physical activity, modification of dietary habits and physical activity for fear of contracting CRC, and lower risk perception of contracting CRC. Half of respondents identified fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) as main test for CRC prevention and were more knowledgeable those unmarried, more educated, who knew the main risk factors of CRC, and have received advice by physician of performing FOBT. Personal opinion that screening is useful for CRC prevention was high with a mean score of 8.3 and it was predicted by respondents' lower education, beliefs that CRC can be prevented, higher personal perceived risk of contracting CRC, and information received by physician about CRC. An appropriate behavior of performing FOBT if eligible or not performing if not eligible was significantly higher in female, younger, more educated, in those who have been recommended by physician for undergo or not undergo FOBT, and who have not personal history of precancerous lesions and familial history of precancerous lesions or CRC.
Linkages between health care and educational systems are needed to improve the levels of knowledge and to raise CRC screening adherence.
在发达国家，结直肠癌（CRC）是男女中第二大最常被诊断出的癌症。本研究评估了意大利成年人对结直肠癌的知识、态度和预防措施。
对1165名成年人进行随机抽样，让他们自行填写一份关于社会人口学特征的问卷；关于定义、风险因素和筛查的知识；对患结直肠癌感知风险和筛查测试效用的态度；与健康相关的行为和医疗保健使用情况；信息来源。
只有18.5%的人知道两个主要的可改变风险因素（低体力活动、高脂肪热量摄入），并且这种知识与较高的教育水平、进行体育活动、因担心患结直肠癌而改变饮食习惯和体育活动以及较低的患结直肠癌风险感知显著相关。一半的受访者将粪便潜血试验（FOBT）确定为预防结直肠癌的主要测试，并且那些未婚、受教育程度更高、知道结直肠癌主要风险因素且接受过医生关于进行FOBT建议的人更有知识。个人认为筛查对预防结直肠癌有用的观点较高，平均得分为8.3分，并且它由受访者较低的教育程度、认为结直肠癌可预防的信念、较高的个人患结直肠癌感知风险以及从医生那里获得的关于结直肠癌的信息所预测。在女性、年轻人、受教育程度更高的人群中，在那些被医生建议进行或不进行FOBT的人群中，以及那些没有癌前病变个人史和癌前病变或结直肠癌家族史的人群中，符合条件时进行FOBT或不符合条件时不进行FOBT的适当行为明显更高。
需要医疗保健和教育系统之间建立联系，以提高知识水平并提高结直肠癌筛查的依从性。
