Ochsner Kevin N
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Jul 1;64(1):48-61. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.024.
Cognitive neuroscience approaches to translational research have made great strides toward understanding basic mechanisms of dysfunction and their relation to cognitive deficits, such as thought disorder in schizophrenia. The recent emergence of Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience has paved the way for similar progress to be made in explaining the mechanisms underlying the social and emotional dysfunctions (i.e., negative symptoms) of schizophrenia and that characterize virtually all DSM Axis I and II disorders more broadly.
This article aims to provide a roadmap for this work by distilling from the emerging literature on the neural bases of social and emotional abilities a set of key constructs that can be used to generate questions about the mechanisms of clinical dysfunction in general and schizophrenia in particular.
To achieve these aims, the first part of this article sketches a framework of five constructs that comprise a social-emotional processing stream. The second part considers how future basic research might flesh out this framework and translational work might relate it to schizophrenia and other clinical populations.
Although the review suggests there is more basic research needed for each construct, two in particular--one involving the bottom-up recognition of social and emotional cues, the second involving the use of top-down processes to draw mental state inferences--are most ready for translational work.
转化研究中的认知神经科学方法在理解功能障碍的基本机制及其与认知缺陷（如精神分裂症中的思维障碍）的关系方面取得了长足进步。社会认知与情感神经科学的近期兴起为在解释精神分裂症的社会和情感功能障碍（即阴性症状）的潜在机制方面取得类似进展铺平了道路，而这些功能障碍更广泛地几乎表征了所有《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第一轴和第二轴疾病。
本文旨在通过从关于社会和情感能力神经基础的新兴文献中提炼出一组关键概念，为这项工作提供路线图，这些关键概念可用于提出关于一般临床功能障碍机制，特别是精神分裂症机制的问题。
为实现这些目标，本文第一部分勾勒了一个由五个概念组成的框架，该框架构成了一个社会情感加工流。第二部分考虑未来的基础研究如何充实这个框架，以及转化研究如何将其与精神分裂症和其他临床群体联系起来。
尽管综述表明每个概念都需要更多的基础研究，但其中两个概念尤其如此——一个涉及自下而上对社会和情感线索的识别，另一个涉及利用自上而下的过程进行心理状态推断——最适合开展转化研究。
