Ferreira Ana María, Trostchansky Andrés, Ferrari Mariana, Souza José M, Rubbo Homero
Department of Immunology, Facultadas de Ciencias y Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
Methods Enzymol. 2008;441:33-51. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(08)01203-2.
Nitroalkenes derivatives of free as well as esterified unsaturated fatty acids are present in human plasma and tissue, representing novel pluripotent cell signaling mediators. Lipid nitration occurs in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli as an adaptative mechanism to downregulate inflammatory responses. This chapter first discusses the generation of nitroalkenes during macrophage activation following chemical and biological characterization. In particular, it describes procedures for (a) synthesizing and characterizing esterified (cholesteryl-nitrolinoleate, CLNO2) as well as free (nitroarachidonate, AANO2) nitroalkenes, (b) determining nitration of cholesteryl linoleic acid during macrophage activation by inflammatory stimuli, (c) examining the modulatory effects of nitroalkenes on the expression of inducible enzymes by activated macrophages, and (d) discussing the signaling pathways involved in nitroalkene-mediated anti-inflammatory actions.
游离及酯化不饱和脂肪酸的硝基烯烃衍生物存在于人体血浆和组织中，是新型的多能细胞信号传导介质。脂质硝化作用是对促炎刺激的一种适应性反应机制，可下调炎症反应。本章首先讨论巨噬细胞激活过程中硝基烯烃的生成，随后进行化学和生物学特性分析。特别要描述的步骤包括：（a）合成并表征酯化（胆固醇亚油酸硝基酯，CLNO2）及游离（硝基花生四烯酸，AANO2）硝基烯烃；（b）确定炎症刺激激活巨噬细胞过程中胆固醇亚油酸的硝化作用；（c）研究硝基烯烃对活化巨噬细胞诱导酶表达的调节作用；（d）探讨硝基烯烃介导的抗炎作用所涉及的信号通路。
