Aström S, Nilsson M, Norberg A, Sandman P O, Winblad B
Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Umeå, Sweden.
Int J Nurs Stud. 1991;28(1):65-75. doi: 10.1016/0020-7489(91)90051-4.
Sixty nursing staff in geriatric and psychogeriatric care (RNs, LPNs and nurse's aides) were selected to be studied on two occasions with an interval of one year regarding the relationships between their experience of burnout, empathy and attitudes towards demented patients. A semistructured interview was performed on the second occasion to learn more about their work experience and to relate the ratings of burnout, empathy and attitudes to their experience at work. The staff's experience of burnout changed from a mean score of 2.7 in 1987 to 2.5 in 1988. Their empathic ability was moderately high and increased from 398 (m) in (1987) to 450 (m) in 1988. The attitudes of staff remained unchanged from 1987 to 1988 and no differences were found regarding the staff's age, place of work or time at present place of work. As for the staff's empathy, there was no difference with respect to sex, category of staff or place of work. RN's showed the most positive attitudes towards demented patients both in 1987 and 1988 and differed compared to the nurse's aides and LPN's. Burnout correlated with lower empathy and less positive attitudes in the staff. Regression analysis showed that 'experience of feed-back at work' and 'time spent at present place of work' were the most important factors when explaining burnout among the staff. Staff with high empathy experienced "a close contact with the patient" as the most stimulating factor at work while staff with low empathy experienced "improvement of the patient's health" and "contact with colleagues" as the most stimulating factors. The importance of counteracting burnout in the care of demented patients is stressed.
选取了60名老年护理和老年精神护理领域的护理人员（注册护士、执业护士和护工），在间隔一年的两个时间点对他们的职业倦怠经历、同理心以及对痴呆患者的态度之间的关系进行研究。在第二次研究时进行了半结构化访谈，以更多地了解他们的工作经历，并将职业倦怠、同理心和态度的评分与他们的工作经历联系起来。护理人员的职业倦怠经历从1987年的平均2.7分降至1988年的2.5分。他们的同理心能力处于中等偏高水平，从1987年的398（中位数）提高到1988年的450（中位数）。护理人员的态度在1987年至1988年期间保持不变，在护理人员的年龄、工作地点或在当前工作地点的工作时间方面未发现差异。至于护理人员的同理心，在性别、人员类别或工作地点方面没有差异。注册护士在1987年和1988年对痴呆患者都表现出最积极的态度，与护工和执业护士存在差异。职业倦怠与护理人员较低的同理心和不太积极的态度相关。回归分析表明，“工作中的反馈经历”和“在当前工作地点的工作时间”是解释护理人员职业倦怠的最重要因素。同理心高的护理人员将“与患者密切接触”视为工作中最具激励性的因素，而同理心低的护理人员则将“患者健康改善”和“与同事接触”视为最具激励性的因素。强调了在痴呆患者护理中应对职业倦怠的重要性。
