Williams Brett, Lau Rosalind, Thornton Emma, Olney Lauren S
Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Clinical and Community Services Division, Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2017 Nov 27;10:329-337. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S145810. eCollection 2017.
The concepts of empathy and burnout are critical for practicing paramedics and the profession. While there has been an increasing body of research on the relationship between empathy and burnout with physicians and nurses, surprisingly, no research has been undertaken with paramedics. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the relationship between empathy and burnout.
A scoping review was performed based on Arskey and O'Malley's framework. Five databases were searched: CINAHL plus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Google Scholar was searched for gray literature. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and extracted the data.
The initial search produced a yield of 1270 articles after removal of duplicates. All abstracts were screened for relevance, and 30 articles were selected for further screening. Twenty six articles were deemed relevant, of which there were 23 cross-sectional studies, two editorials, and one description article on the multidimensional aspect of burnout and empathy. The studies were conducted in Europe, USA, North America, and Asia. In most studies, there was an inverse correlation between empathy and emotional exhaustion and depersonalization but a positive correlation with personal accomplishment.
Although there seems to be a real relationship between empathy and burnout in physicians and nurses, the strength of the relationship differs to some extent depending on the samples and settings. Due to similarities between health professions, the relationship between empathy and burnout may also be relevant to the paramedic profession. Future paramedic research should focus on longitudinal studies to determine the factors that might influence empathy and burnout levels to provide a better understanding of these two key factors.
同理心和职业倦怠的概念对于急救医护人员及其职业来说至关重要。虽然关于医生和护士同理心与职业倦怠之间关系的研究越来越多，但令人惊讶的是，尚未对急救医护人员进行过此类研究。本综述的目的是探讨同理心与职业倦怠之间的关系。
基于阿斯基和奥马利的框架进行了综述。检索了五个数据库：护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL plus）、荷兰医学文摘数据库（EMBASE）、医学文献数据库（MEDLINE）、心理学文摘数据库（PsycINFO）和斯高帕斯数据库（Scopus）。通过谷歌学术搜索灰色文献。两名评审员独立评估文献的合格性并提取数据。
初步检索在去除重复项后得到1270篇文章。对所有摘要进行相关性筛选，选择30篇文章进行进一步筛选。26篇文章被认为相关，其中有23项横断面研究、两篇社论以及一篇关于职业倦怠和同理心多维度方面的描述性文章。这些研究在欧洲、美国、北美和亚洲开展。在大多数研究中，同理心与情感耗竭和去人格化呈负相关，但与个人成就感呈正相关。
虽然医生和护士的同理心与职业倦怠之间似乎确实存在关联，但这种关联的强度在一定程度上因样本和环境而异。由于各健康职业之间存在相似性，同理心与职业倦怠之间的关系可能也适用于急救医护职业。未来急救医护人员的研究应侧重于纵向研究，以确定可能影响同理心和职业倦怠水平的因素，以便更好地理解这两个关键因素。
