Crooke Almudena, Guzmán-Aranguez Ana, Peral Assumpta, Abdurrahman M Khairul Anwar, Pintor Jesús
Departamento de Bioquímica, E.U. Optica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain.
Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jul;119(1):55-73. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.04.002. Epub 2008 May 11.
The eye is the sense organ that permits the detection of light owing to the existence of a sophisticated neuronal array, called the retina, which is responsive to photons. The correct functioning of this complex system requires the coordination of several intraocular structures that ultimately permit the perfect focusing of images on the neural retina. Light has to pass through different media: the tear, the cornea, aqueous humour, lens, and vitreous humour before it reaches the retina. Moreover, the composition and structure of some of these media can change due to several physiological mechanisms. Nucleotides are active components of the humours bathing relevant ocular structures. The tear contains nucleotides and dinucleotides that control the process of tearing, wound healing and protects of superficial infections. In the inner eye, the aqueous humour also presents a collection of mono and dinucleotides that affect pupil contraction, aqueous humour production and accommodation. Behind the lens and between this structure and the retina the vitreous humour can modify the physiology of the retinal cells, mostly the ganglion cells. By investigating the actions of nucleotides and dinucleotide present in the ocular humours we will be able not only to understand the functioning of the ocular structures but also to develop new pharmacological therapies for pathologies such as dry eye, glaucoma or retinal detachment.
眼睛是一种感觉器官，由于存在一种复杂的神经元阵列（称为视网膜），它能够检测光线，视网膜对光子有反应。这个复杂系统的正常运作需要几个眼内结构的协调，这些结构最终使图像完美聚焦在神经视网膜上。光线在到达视网膜之前必须穿过不同的介质：眼泪、角膜、房水、晶状体和玻璃体。此外，其中一些介质的成分和结构会因多种生理机制而发生变化。核苷酸是浸润相关眼部结构的体液中的活性成分。眼泪中含有核苷酸和二核苷酸，它们控制流泪过程、伤口愈合并保护免受表面感染。在眼内，房水中也含有一系列单核苷酸和二核苷酸，它们会影响瞳孔收缩、房水生成和调节。在晶状体后面以及该结构与视网膜之间，玻璃体可以改变视网膜细胞（主要是神经节细胞）的生理功能。通过研究眼内体液中核苷酸和二核苷酸的作用，我们不仅能够了解眼部结构的功能，还能够开发针对干眼症、青光眼或视网膜脱离等病症的新药理疗法。
