Hanson Ronald, Awschalom David D
Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands.
Nature. 2008 Jun 19;453(7198):1043-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07129.
During the past few years, researchers have gained unprecedented control over spins in the solid state. What was considered almost impossible a decade ago, in both conceptual and practical terms, is now a reality: single spins can be isolated, initialized, coherently manipulated and read out using both electrical and optical techniques. Progress has been made towards full control of the quantum states of single and coupled spins in a variety of semiconductors and nanostructures, and towards understanding the mechanisms through which spins lose coherence in these systems. These abilities will allow pioneering investigations of fundamental quantum-mechanical processes and provide pathways towards applications in quantum information processing.
在过去几年里，研究人员对固态中的自旋获得了前所未有的控制。从概念和实际角度来看，十年前还被认为几乎不可能的事情，如今已成为现实：利用电学和光学技术，可以分离、初始化、相干操纵并读出单个自旋。在全面控制各种半导体和纳米结构中单个及耦合自旋的量子态，以及理解这些系统中自旋失去相干性的机制方面，已经取得了进展。这些能力将使人们能够对基本量子力学过程进行开创性研究，并为量子信息处理的应用提供途径。
