Horry Ruth, Wright Daniel B
Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, England.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2008 Jun;15(3):610-4. doi: 10.3758/pbr.15.3.610.
People are more likely to falsely identify a face of another race than a face of their own race. When witnesses make identifications, they often need to remember where they have previously encountered a face. Failure to remember the context of an encounter can result in unconscious transference and lead to misidentifications. Forty-five White participants were shown White and Black faces, each presented on one of five backgrounds. The participants had to identify these faces in an old/new recognition test. If participants stated that they had seen a face, they had to identify the context in which the face had originally appeared. Participants made more context errors with Black faces than with White faces. This shows that the own-race bias extends to context memory.
与识别同种族的面孔相比，人们更容易错误地识别其他种族的面孔。当证人进行身份识别时，他们常常需要记住之前是在哪里见过某张面孔。记不清相遇的情境可能会导致无意识迁移，并引发错误识别。研究人员向45名白人参与者展示了白人面孔和黑人面孔，每张面孔都呈现在五种背景之一上。参与者必须在一项“旧/新”识别测试中识别这些面孔。如果参与者表示他们见过某张面孔，就必须说出该面孔最初出现时的情境。与白人面孔相比，参与者在识别黑人面孔时出现的情境错误更多。这表明同种族偏见也延伸到了情境记忆中。
