Durrani A Z, Kamal N
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2008 Aug;40(6):441-7. doi: 10.1007/s11250-007-9117-y. Epub 2008 Feb 8.
The study was carried out to detect Theileria annulata, the causative agent of theileriosis, and Babesia bovis, the causative agent for babesiosis, in Friesian cattle by PCR and conventional blood smear examination. One hundred blood samples obtained from diseased Friesian cattle kept on private livestock farms at Pattoki, District Kasur, Pakistan were collected in addition to 20 blood samples obtained from non-diseased animals. The disease manifestations observed clinically included high fever, swelling of sub mandibular and sub scapular lymph nodes, weakness, increased respiration and pulse, anorexia, loss of condition and rough hair coat. Neurologic sign of in coordination was also seen in weak animals. Signs of lacrimation, pale conjunctiva, diarrhoea, dyspnea and frothy nasal discharge were observed in only one animal. Clinically nine animals showed signs of haemoglobinuria. Diagnosis of bovine theileria and babesia species was based on finding many intraerythrocytic piroplasms of both blood protozoa with clinical signs associated with anaemia, lymph node hyperplasia and haemoglobinuria. One hundred samples of ticks were also collected for identification of vector. Results showed that the prevalence of Hyalomma tick was highest (15%) followed by Boophilus (12%), Haemaphysalis (5%) and Rhipicephalus (3%). The blood smear examination showed 21% (21/100) samples positive for blood parasites out of which 66.6% (14/ 21) samples were positive for theileriosis while 42.8% (9/21) were positive for babesiosis. It was also recorded that 66.66% (6/9) samples were positive for B.bigemina while 33.33% (3/9) were positive for B.bovis. The results showed that 60% (60/100) samples were positive for blood parasites by PCR test. Out of these 60% (36/60) were positive for T.annulata while 33.33% (20/60) were positive for babesia. The specificity and sensitivity of PCR test was higher than blood smear examination. The blood parameters in haemoparasites infection were also analyzed and the results showed significant decrease in total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin while MCV, MCH values increased and MCHC was slightly less than normal indicating macrocytic hypochromic anaemia.
本研究旨在通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）和传统血涂片检查，检测弗里斯兰牛体内环形泰勒虫（牛泰勒虫病的病原体）和牛巴贝斯虫（巴贝斯虫病的病原体）。除了从20头健康动物采集的血样外，还从巴基斯坦卡苏尔地区帕托基的私人畜牧场中患病的弗里斯兰牛身上采集了100份血样。临床上观察到的疾病表现包括高热、下颌下和肩胛下淋巴结肿大、虚弱、呼吸和脉搏加快、厌食、消瘦和被毛粗糙。虚弱的动物还出现了共济失调的神经症状。仅在一只动物身上观察到流泪、结膜苍白、腹泻、呼吸困难和泡沫状鼻液等症状。临床上有9只动物出现血红蛋白尿症状。牛泰勒虫和巴贝斯虫种类的诊断基于发现两种血液原生动物的许多红细胞内梨形虫，以及与贫血、淋巴结增生和血红蛋白尿相关的临床症状。还采集了100份蜱虫样本用于鉴定传播媒介。结果显示，璃眼蜱的患病率最高（15%），其次是牛蜱（12%）、血蜱（5%）和扇头蜱（3%）。血涂片检查显示，21%（21/100）的血样呈血液寄生虫阳性，其中66.6%（14/21）的样本呈泰勒虫病阳性，42.8%（9/21）的样本呈巴贝斯虫病阳性。还记录到，66.66%（6/9）的样本呈双芽巴贝斯虫阳性，33.33%（3/9）的样本呈牛巴贝斯虫阳性。结果显示，通过PCR检测，60%（60/100）的样本呈血液寄生虫阳性。其中，60%（36/60）的样本呈环形泰勒虫阳性，33.33%（20/60）的样本呈巴贝斯虫阳性。PCR检测的特异性和敏感性高于血涂片检查。还分析了血液寄生虫感染时的血液参数，结果显示总红细胞计数和血红蛋白显著降低，而平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）值升高，平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）略低于正常水平，表明为大细胞低色素性贫血。
