Ratcliff Roger, Schmiedek Florian, McKoon Gail
The Ohio State University, United States.
Intelligence. 2008;36(1):10-17. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2006.12.002.
The worst performance rule for cognitive tasks [Coyle, T.R. (2003). IQ, the worst performance rule, and Spearman's law: A reanalysis and extension. Intelligence, 31, 567-587] in which reaction time is measured is the result that IQ scores correlate better with longer (i.e., 0.7 and 0.9 quantile) reaction times than shorter (i.e., 0.1 and 0.3 quantile) reaction times. We show that this pattern of correlations can be predicted by the diffusion model [Ratcliff, R. (1978). A theory of memory retrieval. Psychological Review, 85, 59-108], in two ways: either assuming that the rate of accumulation of information toward a decision is higher for higher IQ subjects or assuming that the criterial amounts of information they require before a decision are lower. Importantly, the model explains both reaction times and accuracy, so the two possibilities can be distinguished.
用于测量反应时间的认知任务的最差表现规则[科伊尔，T.R.（2003年）。智商、最差表现规则与斯皮尔曼定律：重新分析与扩展。《智力》，第31卷，第567 - 587页]表明，智商分数与较长（即0.7和0.9分位数）反应时间的相关性要优于与较短（即0.1和0.3分位数）反应时间的相关性。我们表明，这种相关模式可以通过扩散模型[拉特克利夫，R.（1978年）。记忆检索理论。《心理学评论》，第85卷，第59 - 108页]以两种方式进行预测：要么假设高智商受试者向决策积累信息的速率更高，要么假设他们在做出决策前所需的临界信息量更低。重要的是，该模型既能解释反应时间又能解释准确性，因此可以区分这两种可能性。
