Usher M, McClelland J L
Department of Psychology, Birkbeck College, University of London, England.
Psychol Rev. 2001 Jul;108(3):550-92. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.550.
The time course of perceptual choice is discussed in a model of gradual, leaky, stochastic, and competitive information accumulation in nonlinear decision units. Special cases of the model match a classical diffusion process, but leakage and competition work together to address several challenges to existing diffusion, random walk, and accumulator models. The model accounts for data from choice tasks using both time-controlled (e.g., response signal) and standard reaction time paradigms and its adequacy compares favorably with other approaches. A new paradigm that controls the time of arrival of information supporting different choice alternatives provides further support. The model captures choice behavior regardless of the number of alternatives, accounting for the log-linear relation between reaction time and number of alternatives (Hick's law) and explains a complex pattern of visual and contextual priming in visual word identification.
在非线性决策单元中，关于逐步、有泄漏、随机和竞争性信息积累的模型里，探讨了知觉选择的时间进程。该模型的特殊情况与经典扩散过程相匹配，但泄漏和竞争共同作用，以应对现有扩散、随机游走和累加器模型面临的若干挑战。该模型使用时间控制（如反应信号）和标准反应时间范式来解释来自选择任务的数据，并且其适用性与其他方法相比具有优势。一种控制支持不同选择替代方案的信息到达时间的新范式提供了进一步的支持。该模型能够捕捉选择行为，而不论替代方案的数量如何，并解释了反应时间与替代方案数量之间的对数线性关系（希克定律），还解释了视觉单词识别中视觉和语境启动的复杂模式。
