Heini A, Schutz Y, Diaz E, Prentice A M, Whitehead R G, Jéquier E
Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
Am J Physiol. 1991 Jul;261(1 Pt 1):E9-17. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1991.261.1.E9.
Free-living energy expenditure (EE) was assessed in 37 young pregnant Gambian women at the 12th (n = 11, 53.5 +/- 1.7 kg), 24th (n = 14, 54.7 +/- 2.1 kg), and 36th (n = 12, 65.0 +/- 2.6 kg) wk of pregnancy and was compared with nonpregnant nonlactating (NPNL) control women (n = 12, 50.3 +/- 1.6 kg). The following two methods were used to assess EE: 1) the heart rate (HR) method using individual regression lines (HR vs EE) established at different activity levels in a respiration chamber and 2) the doubly labeled water (2H2(18)O) method in a subgroup of 25 pregnant and 7 control women. With the HR method the EE during the agricultural rainy season was found to be 2,408 +/- 87, 2,293 +/- 122, and 2,782 +/- 130 kcal/day at 12, 24, and 36 wk of gestation and were not significantly different from the control group (2,502 +/- 133 kcal/day). These findings were confirmed by the 2H2(18)O measurements, which failed to show any effect of pregnancy on EE. Expressed per unit body weight, the free-living EE was found to be lower (P less than 0.01 with 2H2(18)O method) at 36 wk of gestation than in the NPNL group. It is concluded that, in these Gambian women, energy-sparing mechanisms that contribute to meet the additional energy stress of gestation are operating during pregnancy (e.g., diminished spontaneous physical activity).
对37名冈比亚年轻孕妇在妊娠第12周（n = 11，体重53.5±1.7千克）、第24周（n = 14，体重54.7±2.1千克）和第36周（n = 12，体重65.0±2.6千克）时的自由生活能量消耗（EE）进行了评估，并与非孕非哺乳期（NPNL）对照女性（n = 12，体重50.3±1.6千克）进行比较。采用以下两种方法评估EE：1）心率（HR）法，利用在呼吸室内不同活动水平下建立的个体回归线（HR与EE的关系）；2）双标水（2H2(18)O）法，应用于25名孕妇和7名对照女性组成的亚组。采用HR法发现，在农业雨季，妊娠12周、24周和36周时的EE分别为2408±87、2293±122和2782±130千卡/天，与对照组（2502±133千卡/天）无显著差异。2H2(18)O测量结果证实了这些发现，未显示妊娠对EE有任何影响。按单位体重计算，妊娠36周时的自由生活EE低于NPNL组（2H2(18)O法，P<0.01）。得出的结论是，在这些冈比亚女性中，有助于应对妊娠额外能量压力的节能机制在孕期发挥作用（例如，自发身体活动减少）。
