Singh J, Prentice A M, Diaz E, Coward W A, Ashford J, Sawyer M, Whitehead R G
MRC Dunn Nutrition Unit, Cambridge.
Br J Nutr. 1989 Sep;62(2):315-29. doi: 10.1079/bjn19890033.
The doubly-labelled water (2H218O) method was used to measure total energy expenditure (TEE) in ten non-pregnant, non-lactating (NPNL), six pregnant (P) and fourteen lactating (L) women in a rural Gambian community. Measurements were made on free-living subjects at a period of peak energetic stress when high agricultural work loads coincided with a hungary season to induce moderately severe negative energy balance. TEE averaged 10.42 (SD 2.08) MJ/d, equivalent to 1.95 (SD 0.38) times resting metabolic rate (RMR). The energy cost of physical activity plus thermogenesis, derived as TEE-RMR, averaged 4.94 (SD 1.96) MJ/d. Expressed per kg body-weight (103 kJ/kg per d) this component of expenditure was 2.5 times greater than comparative values from inactive, affluent women studied previously (39 kJ/kg per d). Estimated energy intake (EI) in a subset of the women (n 13) was only 4.80 (SD 1.58) MJ/d, yielding an apparent deficit of 6.08 MJ/d between EI and TEE. Weight changes suggested that endogenous fat oxidation accounted for only about 0.85 MJ/d, leaving an unexplained difference of over 5 MJ/d. Critical analysis of possible errors suggests that the new doubly-labelled water method has provided the most reliable estimates and that the estimates of EI were substantially in error. This finding has important consequences for other food intake studies.
采用双标水（2H218O）法，对冈比亚农村社区的10名非孕非哺乳期（NPNL）女性、6名孕期（P）女性和14名哺乳期（L）女性的总能量消耗（TEE）进行了测量。测量是在自由生活的受试者处于能量应激高峰期时进行的，此时高强度的农业工作负荷与饥饿季节同时出现，导致中度严重的负能量平衡。TEE平均为10.42（标准差2.08）兆焦耳/天，相当于静息代谢率（RMR）的1.95（标准差0.38）倍。通过TEE-RMR得出的身体活动加产热的能量消耗平均为4.94（标准差1.96）兆焦耳/天。按每千克体重计算（每天103千焦/千克），这部分能量消耗比之前研究的不活动、富裕女性的对比值（每天39千焦/千克）高出2.5倍。对部分女性（n = 13）的估计能量摄入量（EI）仅为4.80（标准差1.58）兆焦耳/天，导致EI与TEE之间明显相差6.08兆焦耳/天。体重变化表明，内源性脂肪氧化仅约占每天0.85兆焦耳，仍有超过5兆焦耳/天的差异无法解释。对可能误差的批判性分析表明，新的双标水法提供了最可靠的估计值，而EI的估计值存在重大误差。这一发现对其他食物摄入量研究具有重要意义。
