Rautelin H, Kosunen T U
Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
APMIS. 1991 Aug;99(8):677-95.
Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic, Gram-negative, spiral rod, the role of which in different gastric diseases has been investigated worldwide since the beginning of the 1980s. H. pylori has been shown to be the causative agent in active chronic gastritis, and it is regularly found in patients endoscopied for duodenal ulcer. The bacterium is also frequently isolated from persons with gastric ulcer, gastric carcinoma and non-ulcer dyspepsia. Apart from cultivation of the bacterium, other diagnostic procedures include various staining methods and urease tests of gastric biopsy samples. The application of non-invasive diagnostic methods, serology and urea breath tests, is rapidly increasing. H. pylori is susceptible to several antimicrobials in vitro, but eradication of the bacterium from the gastric mucosa is not always achieved. The best results until now have been obtained with the combined use of bismuth salts and two antibiotics. In active chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer patients, eradication of the bacteria has resulted in healing of the disease with permanent decrease of circulating antibodies and negative urease tests. H. pylori has been found worldwide and the infection shows an age-dependent increase. Man, apparently, is the reservoir of the bacterium, but the exact mechanisms of interhuman transmission are still not defined.
幽门螺杆菌是一种微需氧的革兰氏阴性螺旋杆菌，自20世纪80年代初以来，其在不同胃部疾病中的作用已在全球范围内得到研究。幽门螺杆菌已被证明是活动性慢性胃炎的病原体，并且在接受十二指肠溃疡内镜检查的患者中经常发现。这种细菌也经常从胃溃疡、胃癌和非溃疡性消化不良患者中分离出来。除了培养这种细菌外，其他诊断方法还包括各种染色方法和胃活检样本的尿素酶试验。非侵入性诊断方法，如血清学和尿素呼气试验的应用正在迅速增加。幽门螺杆菌在体外对几种抗菌药物敏感，但从胃黏膜中根除这种细菌并不总是能够实现。到目前为止，使用铋盐和两种抗生素联合使用取得了最好的效果。在活动性慢性胃炎和十二指肠溃疡患者中，根除细菌导致疾病愈合，循环抗体永久减少，尿素酶试验呈阴性。幽门螺杆菌在全球范围内都有发现，并且感染呈现出随年龄增长而增加的趋势。显然，人类是这种细菌的宿主，但人际传播的确切机制仍未明确。
