Alam K, Mishra P, Prabhu M, Shankar P R, Palaian S, Bhandari R B, Bista D
Manipal Teaching Hospital, Manipal College of Medical Sciences Pokhara, Nepal.
Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2006 Oct-Dec;4(4):436-43.
To analyze the prescriptions of out-patients for rational prescribing and dispensing and to evaluate the patient's knowledge regarding use of drugs, using INRUD indicators.
A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at the Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal during the time period from June 10th to August 19th 2004.
Totally 247 prescriptions were randomly selected for analysis, wherein 720 drugs were prescribed. Only 15% of drugs were prescribed by generic name, 21.67% of the total drugs consisted of fixed-dose combinations, only 40% of drugs were from the Essential drug list of Nepal and 29.44% (n=212) were from the WHO Essential drug list. It was found that more than half (54.17%) of the drugs were from Nepalese National Formulary and 35.69% were from WHO model formulary. Dermatological products were most commonly prescribed followed by drugs acting on central nervous system, antimicrobials and drugs acting on cardiovascular system. Among the drugs dispensed, 79.16% were oral followed by topical (18.19%) and parenteral forms (2.98%). Diagnosis was mentioned only in 3.23% (n=8) of the prescriptions and the average cost per prescription was found to be 241.11 Nepalese rupees (US$ 3.26). It was found out that pharmacist labelled only 0.4% of the medication envelopes with the name of the patient. However, 82.6% of the medication envelopes were labelled with name of the drug and 87.0% with drug strength. Only 53.8% (n=133) of the patient knew both the duration of the therapy and administration time of drugs.
There is a need for educational intervention for prescribers and both managerial and educational intervention for the hospital pharmacists to improve prescribing and dispensing.
采用INRUD指标分析门诊患者处方，以促进合理开药和配药，并评估患者对用药的了解情况。
2004年6月10日至8月19日期间，在尼泊尔博卡拉的马尼帕尔教学医院开展了一项横断面描述性研究。
共随机抽取247张处方进行分析，其中开出了720种药物。仅15%的药物以通用名开具，21.67%的药物为固定剂量组合，仅40%的药物来自尼泊尔基本药物清单，29.44%（n = 212）来自世界卫生组织基本药物清单。发现超过一半（54.17%）的药物来自尼泊尔国家处方集，35.69%来自世界卫生组织示范处方集。皮肤科产品是最常开具的药物，其次是作用于中枢神经系统的药物、抗菌药物和作用于心血管系统的药物。在配发的药物中，79.16%为口服剂型，其次是外用剂型（18.19%）和注射剂型（2.98%）。仅3.23%（n = 8）的处方中提及了诊断信息，每张处方的平均费用为241.11尼泊尔卢比（3.26美元）。发现药剂师仅在0.4%的药袋上标注了患者姓名。然而，82.6%的药袋上标注了药物名称，87.0%标注了药物规格。仅53.8%（n = 133）的患者既知道治疗疗程又知道用药时间。
需要对开处方者进行教育干预，对医院药剂师进行管理和教育干预，以改善开药和配药情况。
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