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十个选定发展中国家的基本药物使用情况与现状:简要审计

Essential Medicine Utilization and Situation in Selected Ten Developing Countries: A Compendious Audit.

作者信息

Haque Mainul

机构信息

Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

出版信息

J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2017 Jul-Aug;7(4):147-160. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_224_17. Epub 2017 Jul 31.

Abstract

Medicine improves the quality of life and increases mean age of human beings as it fights against diseases. Accessibility to medicines is the fundamental right of every person. The principle of the essential medicines (EMs) is that a limited number of availability of medicine will promote to a better supply chain and rational prescribing to the rural and remote health centers for any developing countries. Furthermore, it was also expected that this concept will also ensure better procurement policy at lower costs, more in amount, with easier storage. Thereby, EMs will safeguard and improve distribution and dispensing of medicine. Correspondingly, motivational and dedicated training program regarding drug information and adverse drug reactions will boost up access to medicine and health-care. In addition, the selection of medicine from EM is the first step in the direction of the rational use of medicine and progress and ensuring the quality of health care. Thereafter, selection needs to be followed by appropriate use. Everyone should receive the right medicine, in an adequate dose for an adequate duration, with appropriate information and follow-up treatment, and at an affordable cost. The acceptance and implementation of World Health Organization-promoted EM policies in deferent countries have improved quality use of medicine in terms of accessibility and affordability, predominantly in developing countries. The corporations and teamwork among various participants of health care are instantly obligatory to progress equitable access to medicines in low- and middle-income countries.

摘要

医学通过对抗疾病提高了生活质量并延长了人类的平均寿命。药品可及性是每个人的基本权利。基本药物(EMs)原则是,对于任何发展中国家而言,有限数量的药品供应将促进建立更好的供应链,并促使向农村和偏远地区的卫生中心合理开药。此外,人们还期望这一概念还将确保以更低的成本、更多的数量、更易于储存的方式制定更好的采购政策。因此,基本药物将保障并改善药品的分发和配药。相应地,关于药物信息和药物不良反应的激励性和专门培训计划将促进药品可及性和医疗保健。此外,从基本药物中选择药物是朝着合理用药、进步以及确保医疗保健质量方向迈出的第一步。此后,选择之后应进行适当使用。每个人都应获得正确的药物,以适当的剂量服用适当的疗程,并获得适当的信息和后续治疗,且费用要可承受。世界卫生组织推广的基本药物政策在不同国家的接受和实施,在可及性和可承受性方面改善了药品的合理使用,主要是在发展中国家。医疗保健各参与者之间的合作与团队合作对于在低收入和中等收入国家实现公平的药品可及性至关重要。

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