Hauswald Anne, Kissler Johanna
University of Konstanz, Germany.
Memory. 2008 Nov;16(8):797-809. doi: 10.1080/09658210802169087. Epub 2008 Jun 27.
An item-cued directed forgetting paradigm was used to investigate the ability to control episodic memory and selectively encode complex coloured pictures. A series of photographs was presented to 21 participants who were instructed to either remember or forget each picture after it was presented. Memory performance was later tested with a recognition task where all presented items had to be retrieved, regardless of the initial instructions. A directed forgetting effect--that is, better recognition of "to-be-remembered" than of "to-be-forgotten" pictures--was observed, although its size was smaller than previously reported for words or line drawings. The magnitude of the directed forgetting effect correlated negatively with participants' depression and dissociation scores. The results indicate that, at least in an item method, directed forgetting occurs for complex pictures as well as words and simple line drawings. Furthermore, people with higher levels of dissociative or depressive symptoms exhibit altered memory encoding patterns.
采用项目线索指向性遗忘范式来研究控制情景记忆和选择性编码复杂彩色图片的能力。向21名参与者展示了一系列照片，并指示他们在每张照片呈现后要么记住要么忘记。随后通过识别任务测试记忆表现，在该任务中，所有呈现的项目都必须被检索出来，无论最初的指示如何。观察到了指向性遗忘效应——即对“要记住”图片的识别优于“要忘记”图片——尽管其效应大小比之前报道的单词或线条图要小。指向性遗忘效应的大小与参与者的抑郁和分离分数呈负相关。结果表明，至少在项目法中，复杂图片以及单词和简单线条图都会出现指向性遗忘。此外，具有较高解离或抑郁症状水平的人表现出改变的记忆编码模式。
