Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859,
Br J Psychol. 2012 Aug;103(3):343-58. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02078.x. Epub 2011 Sep 27.
We investigated the role of emotion on item and source memory using the item method of directed forgetting (DF) paradigm. We predicted that emotion would produce source memory impairment because emotion would make it more difficult to distinguish between to-be-remembered (R items) and to-be-forgotten items (F items) by making memory strength of R and F items similar to each other. Participants were presented with negatively arousing, positively arousing, and neutral pictures. After each picture, they received an instruction to remember or forget the picture. At retrieval, participants were asked to recall both R and F items and indicate whether each item was an R or F item. Recall was higher for the negatively arousing than for the positively arousing or neutral pictures. Further, DF occurred for the positively arousing and neutral pictures, whereas DF was not significant for the negatively arousing pictures. More importantly, the negatively arousing pictures, particularly the ones with violent content, showed a higher tendency of producing misattribution errors than the other picture types, supporting the notion that negative emotion may produce source memory impairment, even though it is still not clear whether the impairment occurs at encoding or retrieval.
我们使用定向遗忘（DF）范式的项目法研究了情绪在项目和来源记忆中的作用。我们预测情绪会导致来源记忆障碍，因为情绪会通过使 R 项目和 F 项目的记忆强度相似，从而更难以区分要记住的项目（R 项目）和要遗忘的项目（F 项目）。参与者观看了负性唤起、正性唤起和中性图片。在每张图片之后，他们会收到一个记住或忘记图片的指令。在检索时，参与者被要求回忆 R 项目和 F 项目，并指出每个项目是 R 项目还是 F 项目。负性唤起图片的回忆成绩高于正性唤起或中性图片。此外，正性唤起和中性图片出现了 DF，而负性唤起图片的 DF 不显著。更重要的是，负性唤起图片，尤其是带有暴力内容的图片，比其他图片类型更容易产生错误归因错误，这支持了这样一种观点，即负性情绪可能导致来源记忆障碍，尽管目前尚不清楚这种障碍是在编码还是检索过程中发生的。
