Greiffenstein Manfred F
Psychological Systems, Inc., Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
Clin Neuropsychol. 2009 Feb;23(2):286-96. doi: 10.1080/13854040802104873.
Clinical myths and lore are unfounded beliefs that still influence practice decisions. I examine the validity of six beliefs commonly encountered in forensic neuropsychology practice: the admissibility of test batteries; avoidance of practice effects; forewarning insures good effort; average deficits in bright persons; 15% chronic impairment in mild brain injury; and examiner bias causing malingering. I show these beliefs are invalid because of material misunderstandings of case law and literature, falsification by empirical findings, and lack of authoritative sources. The benefits, costs, and persistence of clinical myths are discussed.
临床误区和传闻是毫无根据的观念，但仍会影响实践决策。我审视了法医神经心理学实践中常见的六种观念的正确性：成套测试的可采性；避免练习效应；预先警告可确保良好表现；聪明人存在平均缺陷；轻度脑损伤中有15%的慢性损伤；以及检查者偏见导致诈病。我指出，由于对判例法和文献存在重大误解、实证研究结果证伪以及缺乏权威依据，这些观念是不正确的。本文还讨论了临床误区的益处、代价和持续性。
