Enevoldsen C, Gröhn Y T, Thysen I
Department of Clinical Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853.
J Dairy Sci. 1991 Apr;74(4):1284-98. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78284-2.
Epidemiological associations, expressed as odds ratios between variables obtained from dairy cow records and sole ulcer occurrence at claw trimmings were estimated with logistic regression analysis on data from 2204 and 1124 cows in lactation 1 and lactations 2 to 9, respectively. Sole ulcer in one foot or more than one foot occurred in 20.0 and 29.7% of cows in lactation 1 and in 23.5 and 24.7% of cows in lactations 2 to 9. The analysis revealed several complicated interactions. Trimming or calving in summer to fall was strongly associated with sole ulcer. Trimming later than 1 to 2 mo after calving was positively associated with sole ulcer depending on milk yield, body weight, or season of calving. If lactation 1 cows were treated for disease (limb, metabolic, digestive, or severe reproductive disorders), sole ulcer in more than one foot occurred earlier in lactation. Milk yield in early lactation and body weight were positively associated with sole ulcer. Heel erosion was associated with sole ulcer depending on season of trimming and parity. Presence of sole ulcer but not heel erosion in a lactation increased the risk of sole ulcer in the subsequent lactation. The interval between trimmings appeared to be important.
通过对分别来自2204头第1胎泌乳奶牛和1124头第2至9胎泌乳奶牛的数据进行逻辑回归分析，估计了从奶牛记录中获得的变量与蹄部修剪时发生蹄底溃疡之间的流行病学关联，以比值比表示。第1胎泌乳奶牛中，一只或多只蹄出现蹄底溃疡的比例为20.0%和29.7%；第2至9胎泌乳奶牛中，这一比例分别为23.5%和24.7%。分析揭示了几种复杂的相互作用。夏季至秋季进行蹄部修剪或产犊与蹄底溃疡密切相关。产犊后1至2个月后进行蹄部修剪与蹄底溃疡呈正相关，具体取决于产奶量、体重或产犊季节。如果第1胎泌乳奶牛因疾病（肢体、代谢、消化或严重生殖障碍）接受治疗，则一只以上蹄出现蹄底溃疡的情况在泌乳早期出现得更早。泌乳早期的产奶量和体重与蹄底溃疡呈正相关。蹄跟糜烂与蹄底溃疡有关，具体取决于修剪季节和胎次。一个泌乳期存在蹄底溃疡但不存在蹄跟糜烂会增加随后泌乳期发生蹄底溃疡的风险。两次修剪之间的间隔似乎很重要。
