Enevoldsen C, Gröhn Y T, Thysen I
National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS), Tjele, Denmark.
Acta Vet Scand. 1994;35(4):337-47. doi: 10.1186/BF03548306.
An epidemiological study was conducted in 18 dairy herds with the objective to characterize those groups of cows where skin injuries to the body and thighs occurred most frequently. Data were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. The epidemiologic patterns were different in first and later lactations. In first lactation some degree of injury occurred among 7.7% of 1793 cows. For most cows occurrence of sole ulcer was positively associated with injury while occurrence of heel horn erosion was negatively associated with injury. The association between injury and body weight differed depending on month of calving (significant interaction). Injuries occurred most frequently among high yielding cows. Severe reproductive, metabolic, and/or infectious diseases were associated with injuries. In later lactations some degree of injury occurred among 13.4% of 832 cows in lactations 2 to 9 where severity of injury increased with lactation number. Injuries occurred least frequently at examinations made in the January to March. They occurred most frequently among cows with sole ulcers. Calving in March through October was associated with injuries especially if the cows were treated for limb disorders. Most cases of injuries occurred early or late in lactation or among high or very low yielding cows in lactations 2 to 9.
在18个奶牛群中进行了一项流行病学研究，目的是确定牛体和大腿皮肤损伤最常发生的牛群。数据采用多变量逻辑回归分析。初产和经产的流行病学模式不同。在初产时，1793头奶牛中有7.7%出现了一定程度的损伤。对于大多数奶牛来说， sole ulcer（蹄底溃疡）的发生与损伤呈正相关，而heel horn erosion（蹄踵角质糜烂）的发生与损伤呈负相关。损伤与体重之间的关联因产犊月份而异（显著交互作用）。高产奶牛的损伤最为频繁。严重的繁殖、代谢和/或传染病与损伤有关。在经产时，第2至9胎的832头奶牛中有13.4%出现了一定程度的损伤，损伤的严重程度随胎次增加。在1月至3月进行检查时损伤发生频率最低。损伤在患有sole ulcer（蹄底溃疡）的奶牛中最为常见。3月至10月产犊与损伤有关，特别是如果奶牛因肢体疾病接受治疗。大多数损伤病例发生在泌乳早期或晚期，或在第2至9胎的高产或极低产奶牛中。
