Rogers S J, Parcel T L, Menaghan E G
Department of Sociology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1353.
J Health Soc Behav. 1991 Jun;32(2):145-64.
We assess the impact of maternal sense of mastery and maternal working conditions on maternal perceptions of children's behavior problems as a means to study the transmission of social control across generations. We use a sample of 521 employed mothers and their four-to six-year-old children from the National Longitudinal Survey's Youth Cohort in 1986. Regarding working conditions, we consider mother's hourly wage, work hours, and job content including involvement with things (vs. people), the requisite level of physical activity, and occupational complexity. We also consider maternal and child background and current family characteristics, including marital status, family size, and home environment. Maternal mastery was related to fewer reported behavior problems among children. Lower involvement with people and higher involvement with things, as well as low physical activity, were related significantly to higher levels of perceived problems. In addition, recent changes in maternal marital status, including maternal marriage or remarriage, increased reports of problems; stronger home environments had the opposite effect. We interpret these findings as suggesting how maternal experiences of control in the workplace and personal resources of control can influence the internalization of control in children.
我们评估母亲的掌控感和母亲的工作条件对母亲对孩子行为问题认知的影响，以此作为研究社会控制代际传递的一种方式。我们使用了1986年全国纵向调查青年队列中的521名在职母亲及其4至6岁孩子的样本。关于工作条件，我们考虑母亲的小时工资、工作时长以及工作内容，包括与事物（而非与人）的接触、所需的体力活动水平和职业复杂性。我们还考虑母亲和孩子的背景以及当前家庭特征，包括婚姻状况、家庭规模和家庭环境。母亲的掌控感与孩子报告的行为问题较少有关。与人接触较少、与事物接触较多以及体力活动较少，均与较高水平的感知问题显著相关。此外，母亲婚姻状况的近期变化，包括母亲结婚或再婚，会增加问题报告；更强的家庭环境则有相反的效果。我们将这些发现解释为表明母亲在工作场所的控制体验和个人控制资源如何能够影响孩子对控制的内化。
