Bray G A
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Baton Rouge 70808-4124.
J Nutr. 1991 Aug;121(8):1146-62. doi: 10.1093/jn/121.8.1146.
The mechanisms underlying different types of obesity have been gradually clarified. Animal models with hypothalamic, genetic or dietary obesity have been examined with a feedback model. Four common final pathways are involved in this model. One of these final common pathways is the sympathetic nervous system. Most Obesities kNown Are Low In Sympathetic Activity states the MONA LISA Hypothesis. A second common pathway is the endocrine system involving adrenal glucocorticosteroids. The third common pathway is hyperphagia. Although not essential for most obesities, hyperphagia may be essential in animals with injury to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The final pathway is reduced physical activity. The tonic activity of these systems and their response to changes in the diet affect nutrient partitioning between fat and protein. This framework has been used to review genetic obesity, hypothalamic obesity and dietary obesity.
不同类型肥胖症背后的机制已逐渐明晰。利用反馈模型对下丘脑性、遗传性或饮食性肥胖的动物模型进行了研究。该模型涉及四条常见的最终途径。其中一条最终共同途径是交感神经系统。“蒙娜丽莎假说”指出，已知的大多数肥胖症患者交感神经活动水平较低。第二条共同途径是涉及肾上腺糖皮质激素的内分泌系统。第三条共同途径是摄食过量。虽然摄食过量对大多数肥胖症并非必不可少，但对于下丘脑室旁核受损的动物可能至关重要。最后一条途径是身体活动减少。这些系统的紧张性活动及其对饮食变化的反应会影响脂肪和蛋白质之间的营养分配。这一框架已被用于综述遗传性肥胖、下丘脑性肥胖和饮食性肥胖。
