Yeh Su-Ling, Liao Hsin-I
National Taiwan University, Department of Psychology, No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2008 Sep;129(1):157-65. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2008.05.008. Epub 2008 Jul 9.
The contingent-orienting hypothesis states that attentional capture by a task-irrelevant stimulus is contingent on whether that stimulus shares a feature property that is critical to the task at hand [Folk, C. L., Remington, R. W., & Johnston, J. C. (1992). Involuntary covert orienting is contingent on attentional control settings. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 1030-1044]. Studies supporting this hypothesis have mostly used set size four displays throughout the experiment and thus constrict its ecological validity, since conclusions drawn from experiments using fixed set-size displays may not be generalized to other conditions with different set sizes. We used a spatial cueing paradigm in which a non-informative onset or color cue preceded an onset or a color target, and manipulated set size as a within- or between-subject factor. In four experiments, the original finding of Folk et al. (1992) was replicated only when a fixed set size (four) was used throughout. When both set-size four and eight were used in an experiment, stimulus-driven capture by onset in search of a color target was found even for set-size four displays. These results raise doubts as to the generality of the contingent-orienting hypothesis and help to delineate the boundary conditions on this hypothesis.
偶发性定向假设认为，与任务无关的刺激对注意力的捕获取决于该刺激是否具有与手头任务至关重要的特征属性[福克，C.L.，雷明顿，R.W.，&约翰斯顿，J.C.（1992年）。非自愿隐蔽定向取决于注意力控制设置。《实验心理学杂志：人类感知与表现》，18，1030 - 1044]。支持这一假设的研究在整个实验中大多使用了四张图片的显示设置，因此限制了其生态效度，因为从使用固定图片数量显示的实验得出的结论可能无法推广到其他不同图片数量的条件。我们采用了一种空间线索范式，其中一个无信息的起始或颜色线索先于一个起始或颜色目标出现，并将图片数量作为一个被试内或被试间因素进行操纵。在四个实验中，只有在整个实验中都使用固定的图片数量（四张）时，才复制了福克等人（1992年）的原始发现。当在一个实验中同时使用四张和八张图片的设置时，即使是四张图片的显示，在寻找颜色目标时也发现了由起始刺激驱动的捕获。这些结果对偶发性定向假设的普遍性提出了质疑，并有助于界定该假设的边界条件。
