Belopolsky Artem V, Schreij Daniel, Theeuwes Jan
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BTAmsterdam, The Netherlands.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2010 Feb;72(2):326-41. doi: 10.3758/APP.72.2.326.
In the present study, we explored the mechanisms involved in the contingent capture phenomenon, using a variant of the classic precuing paradigm of Folk, Remington, and Johnston (1992). Rather than keeping the target fixed over a whole block of trials (as has traditionally been done with contingent capture experiments), we encouraged participants to adopt a top-down set before each trial. If top-down attentional set determines which property captures attention, as is claimed by the contingent capture hypothesis, one would expect that only properties that match the top-down set would capture attention. We showed that even though participants knew what the target would be on the upcoming trial, both relevant and irrelevant properties captured attention (Experiment 1). An intertrial analysis (Experiments 1 and 2) showed that previous contingent capture findings may, to a large extent, be explained by intertrial priming. In addition, when participants were further forced into adopting the required top-down set (Experiments 3 and 4), irrelevant cues were suppressed, suggesting that top-down control might operate through disengagement of attention from the location of a property that does not match top-down goals. The present findings suggest that top-down control and intertrial priming make their own distinct contributions to the contingent capture phenomenon.
在本研究中，我们采用了Folk、Remington和Johnston（1992）经典预提示范式的一种变体，探究了偶然捕获现象所涉及的机制。我们没有像传统的偶然捕获实验那样在整个试验块中保持目标固定，而是鼓励参与者在每次试验前采用自上而下的定势。如果如偶然捕获假说所主张的那样，自上而下的注意定势决定了哪种属性会捕获注意，那么人们会预期只有与自上而下的定势相匹配的属性才会捕获注意。我们发现，即使参与者知道即将到来的试验中的目标是什么，相关属性和无关属性都会捕获注意（实验1）。试验间分析（实验1和2）表明，先前的偶然捕获研究结果在很大程度上可能是由试验间启动效应所解释的。此外，当进一步迫使参与者采用所需的自上而下的定势时（实验3和4），无关线索会受到抑制，这表明自上而下的控制可能是通过将注意力从与自上而下目标不匹配的属性位置上脱离来实现的。目前的研究结果表明，自上而下的控制和试验间启动效应在偶然捕获现象中各自做出了独特的贡献。
